Efficacy and Safety of Newly Installed Spot Scanning Proton Beam Therapy for Prostate Cancer.

Background/aim: This study aimed to analyse retrospectively the initial treatment outcomes and associated toxicities of a spot scanning proton beam therapy for prostate cancer at the Shonan-Kamakura General Hospital.

Patients And Methods: A laterally opposing single-field uniform dose of spot-scanning proton beam was used. The doses were determined to be 60 Gy in 20 fractions for low-risk prostate cancer and 63 Gy in 21 fractions for intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancers.

A Unique Adverse Event of Radiotherapy in a Patient With IgG4-related Disease: A Case Report.

Background/aim: IgG4-related disease (IgG4RD) is a rare autoimmune proinflammatory condition that mimics other cancers and has unique pathological findings. The effects of radiotherapy in patients with IgG4RD remain unknown.

Case Report: A male patient in his seventies who received radiotherapy (68 Gy/39 fr) for bladder cancer 5 months prior, presented to our hospital with fatigue and swelling in both legs.

Actinium-225 Targeted Agents: Where Are We Now?

α-particle targeted radionuclide therapy has shown promise for optimal cancer management, an exciting new era for brachytherapy. Alpha-emitting nuclides can have significant advantages over gamma- and beta-emitters due to their high linear energy transfer (LET). While their limited path length results in more specific tumor 0kill with less damage to surrounding normal tissues, their high LET can produce substantially more lethal double strand DNA breaks per radiation track than beta particles.

Importance of the Number and Location of Lymph Node Metastasis in Oropharyngeal Cancer.

Background/aim: The 8 edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system classifies oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) by the expression of p16. The discrepancy observed in this system between pathological and clinical N-stages in p16-positive OPC has provoked controversy. Therefore, this study investigated prognostic factors not included in the new staging system for p16-positive OPC patients.

Biological effects of prostaglandin E2-EP4 antagonist (AAT-008) in murine colon cancer : enhancement of immune response to radiotherapy and potential as a radiosensitizer.

Background: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) promotes tumor growth and metastasis by acting on a family of four receptors (EP1-4). We investigated the radiosensitizing effects of a newly developed antagonist of PGE2-EP4 (AAT-008) in mouse colon cancer cells and explored the mechanism using flow cytometry (FCM).

Methods: CT26WT cells grown in Balb/c mice were used.

Definitive radiotherapy with stereotactic or IMRT boost with or without radiosensitization strategy for operable breast cancer patients who refuse surgery.

For breast cancer (BC) patients who refused surgery, we developed a definitive treatment employing modern sophisticated radiation techniques. Thirty-eight operable BC patients were treated by conventionally fractionated whole-breast (WB) radiotherapy in combination with stereotactic (for primary tumor) or intensity-modulated (for primary tumor with/without regional lymph nodes [LN]) radiotherapy (IMRT) boost. Standard doses were 50 Gy/25 fractions, 21 Gy/3 fractions and 20 Gy/8 fractions, respectively, for the three radiation modalities.

Comparison of intensity-modulated radiotherapy with the 5-field technique, helical tomotherapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy for localized prostate cancer.

The outcomes of three methods of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for localized prostate cancer were evaluated. Between 2010 and 2018, 308 D'Amico intermediate- or high-risk patients were treated with 2.2 Gy daily fractions to a total dose of 74.

Helical tomotherapy for asymptomatic chemotherapy-refractory or -unfit multiple (3 or more) metastases.

Background: Despite chemotherapy innovations, prognosis of patients with chemotherapy-refractory or -unfit multiple metastases (CRMM/CUMM) remains poor. In this prospective study, the efficacy and toxicity of helical tomotherapy for CRMM/CUMM were evaluated.

Materials And Methods: Between 2014 and 2020, asymptomatic patients with CRMM/CUMM with ≥ 3 lesions and no prior radiotherapy of the targets were enrolled.

Combination therapy with radiation and hyperthermia-induced clinical complete response of small cell carcinoma of prostate.

Introduction: Small cell carcinoma of the prostate has a poor prognosis even with standard systemic chemotherapy. We report a case, in which combination therapy with radiation and hyperthermia-induced clinical complete response.

Case Presentation: An 87-year-old man complaining of dysuria was referred to our hospital.

Survey of malignant pleural mesothelioma treatment in Japan: Patterns of practice and clinical outcomes in tomotherapy facilities.

We conducted a nationwide survey of tomotherapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) in Japan. Fifty-six facilities were surveyed and data on 31 patients treated curatively between 2008 and 2017 were collected from 14 facilities. Twenty patients received hemithorax irradiation after extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) (first group).

Effects of a combined treatment regimen consisting of Hsp90 inhibitor DS-2248 and radiation and in a tumor mouse model.

Background: Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a molecular chaperone that is responsible for the conformational maintenance of several client proteins that play important roles in DNA damage repair, apoptosis following radiation, and resistance to radiation therapy. DS-2248 (tricyclic pyrazolopyrimidine derivative) is a newly-developed, orally available inhibitor of HSP90 with low adverse effects. We investigated the combined effects of radiation and DS-2248 and .

Role of stereotactic body radiotherapy for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer in patients borderline for surgery due to impaired pulmonary function.

Aim: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is recommended only for inoperable patients with early-stage (e-stage) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We compared outcomes between surgery and SBRT in patients borderline for surgery due to impaired pulmonary function (PF).

Methods: We reviewed single-institution retrospective data of 578 patients with clinically T1-2N0M0 NSCLC treated by surgery or SBRT between 2004 and 2014, and extracted a cohort with borderline impaired PF for surgery, which was defined as predicted postoperative (PPO) forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV ) of <50% and ≥30%.

The importance of choosing the right strategy to treat small cell carcinoma of the cervix: a comparative analysis of treatments.

Background: Standard treatments for small cell carcinoma of the cervix (SCCC) have not been established. In this study, we aimed to estimate the optimal treatment strategy for SCCC.

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective study.

CyberKnife for Recurrent Malignant Gliomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Objective: Possible treatment strategies for recurrent malignant gliomas include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and combined treatments. Among different reirradiation modalities, the CyberKnife System has shown promising results. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis to establish the efficacy and safety of CyberKnife treatment for recurrent malignant gliomas.

Changes in pulmonary function and their correlation with dose-volume parameters in patients undergoing stereotactic body radiotherapy for lung cancer.

It is desirable to estimate the degree of the decrease in pulmonary function before lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) especially for patients with poor pulmonary function. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether decreases in pulmonary function after SBRT may be predicted from radiation dose-volume parameters. A total of 70 patients undergoing SBRT were evaluated for changes in pulmonary function.

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy for multiple targets with tomotherapy using multiple sets of static ports from different angles.

Background: To treat multiple targets separated in the craniocaudal direction within a short time, we invented a new technique using multiple static-port tomotherapy with the dynamic-jaw mode and named it the pseudo-DJDC (pDJDC) technique. We compared the pDJDC plans and helical tomotherapy plans using the dynamic-jaw mode (HDJ) for multiple targets. In the pDJDC plans, we used a beam set with 2-7 ports to the targets at the same level in the craniocaudal direction, and employed another beam set for other targets using different port angles (9-12 angles in total).

Definitive chemoradiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: outcomes for borderline-resectable disease.

Definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) is the standard treatment for unresectable esophageal cancer. Induction chemotherapy has been actively investigated for borderline-resectable and unresectable disease, but the superiority over dCRT has yet to be confirmed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of dCRT with special interest in borderline-resectable disease.

Clinical Evaluation of Onrad, A New Low-cost Version of TomoTherapy that Uses Only Static Beams.

Objective: This study evaluated the clinical feasibility of a new low-cost TomoTherapy system (Onrad) and compared it with low-cost linear accelerator models (linacs).

Methods: Various aspects of treatment and cost were compared between Onrad and linacs for 3-dimensional radiotherapy (3DCRT). Dosimetric comparisons of 10 patients each with breast, stage III lung, prostate, head and neck, and cervical cancers were carried out (total 100 plans).

Efficacy of herbal medicine TJ-14 for acute radiation-induced enteritis: a multi-institutional prospective Phase II trial.

The purpose of this multi-institutional Phase II trial study was to prospectively investigate the efficacy of the herbal medicine TJ-14 for acute radiation-induced enteritis (ARE). TJ-14 was administered orally as a first-line treatment for ARE. The primary end point was efficacy at 1 week.

Helical tomotherapy for chemo-refractory multiple liver metastases.

Background: Despite advances in chemotherapy, curing multiple liver metastases is quite rare. Even when response is obtained, regrowth of the tumors is almost inevitable. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and adverse events of helical tomotherapy for chemo-refractory multiple liver metastases.

Organ-preserving approach via radiotherapy for small cell carcinoma of the bladder: an analysis based on the Japanese Radiation Oncology Study Group (JROSG) survey.

Small cell carcinoma of the bladder is extremely rare, accounting for <1% of all malignant tumours in the urinary tract. Thus, no standard therapy modality for this malignancy has been established. This study aimed to retrospectively analyse the clinical outcomes associated with definitive radiotherapy for small cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Long-term results of intensity-modulated radiotherapy with three dose-fractionation regimens for localized prostate cancer.

We evaluated long-term outcomes of three protocols of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for localized prostate cancer. Between 2005 and 2014, 348 patients were treated with 5-field IMRT. The first 74 patients were treated with a daily fraction of 2.

Biological Effects of Continuous Low-Dose-Rate Irradiation in Silkworms and Mice: Growth Promotion and Tumor Transplantability.

A previous study showed that continuous low-dose-rate irradiation promoted the growth of silkworm larvae. This study aimed to confirm that finding, determine the optimal dose rate for growth promotion, and compare low- and high-dose-rate irradiation in silkworms, while also investigating the effects of the radiation-emitting sheet on growth and tumor transplantability in mice. Silkworm eggs were placed on low-dose-emitting sheets with 4 different dose rates (γ-ray rate: 1.