The effects of monomer type, filler size, and filler content of three resin cements on the color stability of laminate veneers exposed to accelerated aging.

Statement Of Problem: Commercially available resin cements consist of various filler sizes, filler content and monomers, and it is unclear which of these factors have the greatest effect on the color stability of laminate veneers.

Objectives: To evaluate the color stability of lithium disilicate-reinforced laminate veneers inserted with three commercial resin cements with various filler sizes/contents and monomers upon accelerated aging.

Methods: Veneers were fabricated and cemented on resin abutments using three commercially available resin cements comprised of two different monomers and varying filler sizes/contents: 1) triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, TEGDMA (RelyX™ Veneer = 0.

Clinical Survival Rate and Laboratory Failure of Dental Veneers: A Narrative Literature Review.

There is a vast amount of published literature concerning dental veneers; however, the effects of tooth preparation, aging, veneer type, and resin cement type on the failure of dental veneers in laboratory versus clinical scenarios are not clear. The purpose of the present narrative review was to determine the principal factors associated with failures of dental veneers in laboratory tests and to understand how these factors translate into clinical successes/failures. Articles were identified and screened by the lead author in January 2024 using the keywords ''dental veneer", "complication", "survival rate", "failure", and "success rate" using PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct.

A Comparison of Failure Loads for Polycrystalline Zirconia Ceramics with Varying Amounts of Yttria, Glass-Ceramics and Polymers in Two Different Test Conditions.

It is unclear how zirconia dental crowns with different yttria compositions will perform clinically, and how they will compare with crowns made of glass-ceramics and polymers. The present objective was to determine failure loads of crowns and discs made of glass ceramics or polymers as compared to yttria-partially stabilized zirconia (Y-PSZ) crowns and discs with varying yttria concentrations. Crowns of zirconia (Cercon XT, Katana UTML, BruxZir Anterior), glass ceramic (Celtra press, IPS e.

Relation of Crown Failure Load to Flexural Strength for Three Contemporary Dental Polymers.

Polymeric materials show great promise for use in a variety of dental applications. Manufacturers generally provide flexural strength information based on standardized (ISO and ASTM) specimen dimensions and loading conditions. It is not clear, however, if flexural strength data are predictive of the clinical performance of dental crowns.

Qualitative SEM analysis of fracture surfaces for dental ceramics and polymers broken by flexural strength testing and crown compression.

Purpose: To perform qualitative analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces for ceramic and polymeric dental materials broken via standardized flexural and crunch-the-crown (CTC) tests.

Materials And Methods: Zirconia, glass-ceramic, and polymeric (Trilor; TRI, Juvora; JUV, Pekkton; PEK) materials were loaded using crowns for CTC tests, discs (zirconia and glass-ceramics) for piston-on-3 ball tests, bars (polymer) for 3-point bend tests, and bars (zirconia, glass-ceramics) for 4-point bend tests. SEM was used to characterize the fracture surfaces and identify fracture surface features (e.

An experimental study of flexural strength and hardness of zirconia and their relation to crown failure loads.

Statement Of Problem: Dental zirconia is often marketed and selected for restorative use based upon the biaxial flexural strength of prefabricated specimens (disks) without considering other mechanical and physical properties.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to test whether 4-point flexural strength, biaxial flexural strength, and/or hardness may correlate with failure loads for crowns made of different zirconia materials.

Material And Methods: Three brands of zirconia (BruxZir, Cercon, and Katana) were used to fabricate anatomically contoured crowns, rectangular bars, and circular disks.

Flexural strengths, failure load, and hardness of glass-ceramics for dental applications.

Statement Of Problem: Glass-ceramics are often selected for use in dental restorations based upon advertised flexural strengths obtained from standardized tests on prefabricated specimens (bars and disks); these may not accurately reflect their performance in dental applications.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine and compare 4-point flexural strength, biaxial flexural strength, hardness, and crown failure loads for 3 commercially available glass-ceramics.

Material And Methods: Specimens were pressed and prepared from 3 brands of glass-ceramics: Celtra (CEL), IPS e.

The effect of extended aging on the optical properties of different zirconia materials.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if the optical properties of zirconia and glass-ceramic (e.max) were affected by low-temperature degradation (aging).

Methods: Experiment samples were fabricated with seven zirconia brands (n=10): Zenostar, Zirlux, Katana, Bruxzir, DD-BioZX, DD-cubeX, NexxZr; and e.

Effect of liner and porcelain application on zirconia surface structure and composition.

The purpose of this study was to determine if there is an effect of liner and porcelain application (layering and pressing techniques) on the surface of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP), which were exposed to permutations of liner, layered porcelain, and pressed porcelain. Scanning electron microscope (SEM)/energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS) was used to identify changes in composition and microstructure after removing liner and porcelain with hydrofluoric acid. Simulated aging was also conducted to determine the effect of liner and porcelain on low-temperature degradation.

Advancements in CAD/CAM technology: Options for practical implementation.

Purpose: The purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive review of the current published literature investigating the various methods and techniques for scanning, designing, and fabrication of CAD/CAM generated restorations along with detailing the new classifications of CAD/CAM technology.

Study Selection: I performed a review of a PubMed using the following search terms "CAD/CAM, 3D printing, scanner, digital impression, and zirconia". The articles were screened for further relevant investigations.

Correlation of flexural strength of coupons versus strength of crowns fabricated with different zirconia materials with and without aging.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of a correlation between flexural strength and simulated crown strength; a correlation between crown strength and mode of fracture; an effect of aging on the flexural strength; and an effect of aging on the crown strength.

Methods: Two hundred forty zirconia specimens were fabricated with 2 different designs, fully contoured crown shape specimens (n = 120) and rectangular coupons (n = 120), to provide 10 specimens each of 6 brands of zirconia (Lava Plus High Translucency [3M ESPE], Argen HT [Argen Corp], Zirlux [Ardent], BruxZir [Glidewell Laboratories], ZenoStar [Wieland Dental], and DDBioZX(2) [Dental Direkt]). One-half of each sample type was given a severe, simulated low-temperature aging treatment.

Evaluation of zirconia-porcelain interface using X-ray diffraction.

The aim of this study was to determine if accelerated aging of porcelain veneering had an effect on the surface properties specific to a tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation (TMT) of zirconia restorations. Thirty-six zirconia samples were milled and sintered to simulate core fabrication followed by exposure to various combinations of surface treatments including as-received (control), hydrofluoric acid (HF), application of liner plus firings, application of porcelain by manual layering and pressing with firing, plus accelerated aging. The quantity of transformed tetragonal to monoclinic phases was analyzed utilized an X-ray diffractometer and one-way analysis of variance was used to analyze data.

Effect of imaging powder and CAD/CAM stone types on the marginal gap of zirconia crowns.

Objective: To compare the marginal gap using different types of die stones and titanium dies with and without powders for imaging.

Methods: A melamine tooth was prepared and scanned using a laboratory 3-shape scanner to mill a polyurethane die, which was duplicated into different stones (Jade, Lean, CEREC) and titanium. Each die was sprayed with imaging powders (NP, IPS, Optispray, Vita) to form 15 groups.

The failure load of CAD/CAM generated zirconia and glass-ceramic laminate veneers with different preparation designs.

Statement Of Problem: Fracture of feldspathic porcelain laminate veneers represents a significant mode of clinical failure. Therefore, ceramic materials that withstand a higher load to fracture, especially for patients with parafunctional habits, are needed.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation of material (zirconia, TZP, glass-ceramic, IEC, and feldspathic porcelain, FP) design (incisal overlapped preparation, IOP, and three-quarter preparation, TQP), and fracture mode to failure load for veneers supported by composite resin abutments.

Evaluation of the optical properties of CAD-CAM generated yttria-stabilized zirconia and glass-ceramic laminate veneers.

Statement Of Problem: When feldspathic porcelain (FP) laminate veneers are used to mask tooth discoloration that extends into the dentin, significant tooth reduction is needed to provide space for the opaque layer and optimize the bonding of the restoration.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the color effect of trial insertion paste (TP), composite resin abutment (CRA), and veneer regions on the optical properties of feldspathic porcelain (FP), yttria-stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP), and IPS e.max CAD HT (IEC) veneers.

The effect of different fabrication steps on the marginal adaptation of two types of glass-infiltrated ceramic crown copings fabricated by CAD/CAM technology.

Purpose: Marginal adaptation is an important factor affecting the longevity of all-ceramic restorations, although the effects of different fabrication steps on marginal adaptation at various stages of fabrication are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to assess with an in vitro model whether In-Ceram alumina (IA) or In-Ceram zirconia (IZ) copings produced by the CAD/CAM method would be clinically acceptable, and to evaluate the effect of each fabrication step (post-milling, post-trimming, and post-glass infiltration) on the marginal discrepancy of the coping.

Materials And Methods: A melamine tooth was prepared, duplicated, poured with inlay wax, and then cast with metal to fabricate a master die.

Influence of low-temperature environmental exposure on the mechanical properties and structural stability of dental zirconia.

Purpose: The effect of dental fabrication procedures of zirconia monolithic restorations and changes in properties during low-temperature exposure in the oral environment is not completely understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of procedures for fabrication of dental restorations by low-temperature simulation and relative changes of flexural strength, nanoindentation hardness, Young's modulus, surface roughness, and structural stability of yttria-stabilized zirconia.

Materials And Methods: A total of 64 zirconia specimens were prepared to simulate dental practice.