Trace lithium levels in drinking water and risk of dementia: a systematic review.

Background: Since its debut in 1949, lithium (Li) has been regarded as a gold standard therapy for mood stabilization. Neuroprotective effects of Li  have been replicated across many different paradigms ranging from tissue cultures to human studies. This has generated interest in potentially repurposing this drug.

Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome Raising awareness of an uncommon but potentially serious adverse event among kidney stone patients.

Allopurinol is a commonly prescribed agent in the urologic population for the prevention of urinary stones. Although generally well-tolerated, several serious potential side effects can occur with its use. Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS), in particular, is a relatively rare but potentially life-threatening complication.

Giant staghorn stone causing inferior vena cava compression: a novel case report.

Unlabelled: Staghorn calculi (SC) are defined as large kidney stones that fill the renal pelvis and at least one renal calyx. They represent 10-20% of all renal stones in developing countries and require prompt diagnosis and management. Massive SC (over 5 cm) are treated exclusively via open surgery, despite percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) being the gold standard treatment for large stones.

A retrospective cohort study on the use of machine learning to predict stone-free status following percutaneous nephrolithotomy: An experience from Saudi Arabia.

Background: Machine learning techniques have been used extensively in the field of clinical medicine, especially when used for the construction of prediction models. The aim of the study was to use machine learning to predict the stone-free status after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of 137 patients.

Neurogenic Bladder-Induced Stone in a Pelvic Kidney of a Caudal Regression Syndrome Patient: Management of a Complex Case.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a difficult treatment for treating kidney stones, especially when there are orthopedic or skeletal abnormalities. Here, in a 19-year-old male, we describe a two-step PCNL with a case of caudal regression syndrome (CRS) and a pelvic kidney, with an extremely deformed neurogenic bladder on intermittent catheterization. Our conclusion is that PCNL may be done safely with minimum morbidity in patients with caudal regression syndrome by utilizing adult equipment for heavy stone burdens, allowing full and rapid stone removal.

The effect of thermocyclic aging on color stability of high translucency monolithic lithium disilicate and zirconia ceramics luted with different resin cements: an in vitro study.

Background: High-translucency monolithic zirconia were developed to combine the esthetics of all ceramic restorations with the strength properties of zirconia. The purpose of this study was to compare the color stability of high-translucency monolithic zirconia ceramics with lithium disilicate luted using light-cure versus dual-cure resin cements following thermocyclic aging.

Methods: Forty specimens, each composed of 10 × 10 × 1 mm ceramic slice luted to dentin surface of an extracted tooth, were prepared and assigned into four groups (n = 10) as follows; LiDi/LC: lithium disilicate luted by light-cure resin cement; LiDi/DC: lithium disilicate luted by dual-cure resin cement; Zr/LC: zirconia luted by light-cure resin cement; and Zr/DC: zirconia luted by dual-cure resin cement.

A Primary Urothelial Carcinoma Presenting as a Mid-Bulbar Urethral Stricture in a 30-Year-Old Male.

The bulbar urethra is the most common site of anterior urethral strictures. In this case report, we present a 30-year-old male who was referred to us as a case of mid-bulbar urethral stricture. Urethroplasty was booked and a papillary lesion was found on routine diagnostic cystoscopy.

Abdominal CT manifestations in fish bone foreign body injuries: What the radiologist needs to know.

Fish bone is one of the most common foreign body ingestions encountered in the emergency department. Fish bone perforations occur most commonly in segments with acute angulation like the ileocecal region and rectosigmoid junction and can present acutely with obstruction and free air or with chronic complications like abscess and sepsis. Radiologists should be familiar with the high-risk clinical scenarios, the CT appearance of radiopaque fishbones, and the spectrum of imaging findings related to gastrointestinal (GI) tract so as to direct management and timely referral to GI endoscopists and surgeons.

Urethral clear cell carcinoma - Case report and review of litrature.

Urethral clear cell carcinoma is very rare disease affecting both sexes, however it is mostly described in female urethra. The origin of this cancer is yet to be discovered. We report a 57 years old lady who presented to our clinic with obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms and found to have a urethral diverticulum containing a soft tissue lesion found to be a clear cell carcinoma after excision.

Effect of different remineralizing agents on the initial carious lesions - A comparative study.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess and compare the effectiveness of three different remineralizing agents (Tricalcium phosphate paste, Fluoride varnish, and Nano-hydroxyapatite gel) using the DIAGNOdent device.

Material And Methods: The present clinical study was carried out on 90 initial carious lesions detected by ICDAS caries diagnostic criteria and then take the baseline record by DIAGNOdent device. The selected initial carious lesions were randomly classified into three groups according to treatment modalities (30 lesions in each group) according to remineralizing agents: group A (TCP), group B (fluoride varnish) and group C (nano-hydroxyapatite gel).

The first case report of double homozygous of 2 different mutations in the gene in Saudi Arabia.

The first cases of a rare double homozygosity of two different mutations in the cystic fibrosis trans-regulator gene (CFTR) of a cystic fibrosis patient in Saudi Arabia. Details of the family screening and a review of the literature on similar cases are discussed.

Psychosocial predictors of nonadherence to medical management among patients on maintenance dialysis.

Background: A number of reports suggest a link between depression and nonadherence to recommended management for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on maintenance dialysis. However, the relationship between nonadherence and other psychosocial factors have been inadequately examined.

Objectives: To examine the prevalence of psychosocial factors including depression, anxiety, insecure attachment style, as well as cognitive impairment and their associations with adherence to recommended management of ESRD.

A Symptomatic Case of Thoracic Vertebral Hemangioma Causing Lower Limb Spastic Paresis.

BACKGROUND Despite being the most common tumor of the spine, vertebral hemangioma is rarely symptomatic in adults. In fact, only 0.9-1.