Current State of Knowledge in Ocular Blood Flow in Glaucoma: A Narrative Review.

Glaucoma is a multifactorial disease that is dependent on Intra Ocular Pressure (IOP) and associated with risk factors related to reduced ocular blood flow (OBF). In clinical practice, it is instrumental to update and review the considerable evidence of the current imaging technologies utilized in the investigation of OBF involved in both the onset and progression of glaucoma. Bibliographic databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, were searched for articles on OBF techniques published between 2018 and 2023 using keywords such as "ocular blood flow", "glaucoma", "invasive ocular blood flow measurement", and "non-invasive ocular blood flow measurement".

Endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation for glaucoma compared to alternative procedures -A Systematic review.

Introduction: Despite many recent developments, preference in the choice of surgical treatment of uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) remains a challenge.

Objective: This study compares the clinical efficacy and safety of endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) to alternative surgical procedures, for all types of glaucoma.

Methodology: The methodology adheres to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines for systematic review reporting.

Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy Compared to Conventional Photorefractive Keratectomy: A Meta-Analysis.

This meta-analysis review compares the primary and secondary outcomes of transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TPRK) to the conventional photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), in terms of efficacy, predictability, safety, and patient perspectives. A total of 1711 eyes with PRK (811 eyes) and TPRK (900 eyes) from 12 studies were included through bibliographic searches. The main outcomes were efficacy, predictability, and safety parameters, and the secondary outcomes included visual and patient-reported parameters.

Comparison of the efficacy of lotrafilcon B and comfilcon A silicone hydrogel bandage contact lenses after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy.

Background: At completion of transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (t-PRK) surgery, the eye is usually fitted with a bandage contact lens to reduce discomfort and promote epithelial healing. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of eyes fitted with lotrafilcon B versus comfilcon A, silicone hydrogel bandage contact lenses after t-PRK for the correction of low to moderate myopia, with or without astigmatism.

Methods: In this comparative, prospective study, patients with myopia < -6 D with or without astigmatism (< 1.

Use of online resources by undergraduate medical students at College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The current pandemic has revolutionized medical education with a rapid shift to online teaching and learning strategies. The students have coped by turning to the online resources to keep pace with the change. To determine the type and practice of online resources used by undergraduate medical students and compare the use of online resources with gender and GPA.

Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding diabetic retinopathy screening and its management among diabetic patients at a private hospital of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: We present the KAP levels and the determinants for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening and management at a private hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A chart review was performed of DM patients to collect the demographics and diabetes related information in June to December 2017. A close ended questionnaire was used that queried knowledge (7), attitude (5) and practice for DR screening (7).

An Adoptive Threshold-Based Multi-Level Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Glaucoma Eye Disease Detection and Classification.

Glaucoma, an eye disease, occurs due to Retinal damages and it is an ordinary cause of blindness. Most of the available examining procedures are too long and require manual instructions to use them. In this work, we proposed a multi-level deep convolutional neural network (ML-DCNN) architecture on retinal fundus images to diagnose glaucoma.

Dietary Attitude of Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia:A Cross-sectional study.

: There is a paucity of literature on the dietary attitude (DA) of patients with type 2 diabetes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Although the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is high in Gulf countries, there remains a lack of understanding of the importance of dietary behavior in diabetes management among patients. Understanding the behavior of patients with diabetes towards the disease requires knowledge of their DA.

Dietary Knowledge among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes-Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Dietary management is considered as a major step in assessing a patient's knowledge related to nutritional aspects, treatment, and complications of diabetes. Diabetes patients frequently face difficulty in identifying the recommended diet, including its quality and quantity. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), sedentary lifestyle, along with food choices and portion sizes, have increased considerably and this has resulted in the soaring risk of diabetes.

Macular ganglion cell complex parameters by optical coherence tomography in cases of multiple sclerosis without optic neuritis compared to healthy eyes.

Purpose: To compare different macular thickness parameters and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness between recently diagnosed cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) without optic neuropathy (ON) and healthy individuals.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed between June 2014 and June 2015. All subjects underwent ocular and retinal examination.

Public Awareness regarding the Differences between Ophthalmologists and Optometrists among Saudi Adults Living in Riyadh: A Quantitative Study.

Awareness of the patients to the differences between ophthalmologists and optometrists has been recognized as an important factor influencing patient utilization of available eye care services. This study aimed at assessing the public's knowledge of the differences between ophthalmologists and optometrists among the residents of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire was administered to adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from January to February in 2018.

Risk of Breaking Haptic of Trifocal IOL and Its Management.

Fracture of an intraocular lens (IOL) haptic is a rare complication of cataract surgery. A broken haptic can cause serious damage in the anterior and posterior segments. To the best of our knowledge, a broken haptic in a high-quality, commercially available trifocal IOL has not been documented in the literature.

Achieving Controlled Intraocular Pressure and Restoration of Vision Following Proactive Treatment of Total Choroidal Detachment Due to Endocyclophotocoagulation.

Ocular hypotony due to choroidal detachment (CD) following endocyclophotocoagulation (ECP) is transient. If hypotony lasts for more than 1 week, it could affect vision. This is a case of refractory glaucoma following cataract surgery that was managed by ECP.

Argon Laser Photoablation for Treating Benign Pigmented Conjunctival Nevi.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of argon laser photoablation of benign conjunctival pigmented nevi with different clinical presentations.

Patients And Methods: This interventional case series was conducted between July 2014 and January 2015. Patients presenting with benign conjunctival nevi were included.

Lack of Correlation Between Diabetic Macular Edema and Thickness of the Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer.

Introduction: We compared the thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and/against the thickness in the normal population.

Methods: This cross-sectional study compared the RNFL thickness in patients with DME (DME group) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) to a comparable group of healthy (nondiabetic) patients (control group). Measurements were performed in different/the four peripapillary quadrants and in the macula region for the fovea, parafoveal, and perifoveal areas.

Visual acuity and refractive status of Omani students with refractive error in grades 1, 4 and 7: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: The visual and refractive status were assessed for grade 7 students in seven governorates in Oman. The health records were reviewed to assess the rationale for their previous school-based vision screening.

Methods: A representative sample of 7(th) grade students with a refractive error (RE) was examined by optometrists in 2012.

Macular Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Eyes With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Compared With Healthy Saudi Eyes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: We compared the thickness of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer at the macula (mGCIPL) and the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in different regions of the retina in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG group) and normal eyes (control group).

Design: This was a cross-sectional study performed in 2014.

Methods: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was used to measure mGCIPL and RNFL thickness.

Cataract Surgery Audit at a Private Hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Background: To assess the visual outcomes following cataract surgeries at a Private Eye Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This was a cohort study of cataract surgeries performed from January to June 2014. Preoperative data were collected on patient demographics presenting and best corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA) and ocular comorbidity.

Outcomes of Ahmed valve surgery for refractory glaucoma in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.

Aim: To evaluate the outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation surgery for refractory glaucoma.

Methods: This one-armed historical cohort study was conducted in 2011. Refractory glaucoma was defined as eyes with an intraocular pressure (IOP) greater than 21 mm Hg with maximally tolerated glaucoma medications, failed surgeries, or both.

Conjunctival complications related to Ahmed glaucoma valve insertion.

Purpose: Conjunctival complications may occur after glaucoma drainage device surgery. We analyzed the frequency, risk factors, management and outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV)-related conjunctival complications.

Methods: Retrospective review of postoperative conjunctival complications in patients undergoing AGV insertion.

Evaluation of investigator bias in industry-funded clinical trials of latanoprost.

Objective: To determine whether sponsorship of prostaglandin analogue (PGA) clinical trials results in investigator bias in outcomes when studying intraocular pressure (IOP).

Design: Retrospective, observational cohort study.

Methods: A PubMed search was performed for latanoprost or Xalatan, bimatoprost or Lumigan, and travoprost or Travatan, with limits to humans, clinical trials, and English language.

The Toronto epidemiology glaucoma survey: a pilot study.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of undetected glaucoma in a Toronto population.

Design: A cross-sectional survey.

Participants: Toronto residents aged 50 years or older.

Effect of beclomethasone nasal spray on intraocular pressure in ocular hypertension or controlled glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of 6 weeks administration of beclomethasone nasal spray on intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with ocular hypertension or controlled primary open-angle glaucoma.

Patients And Methods: Randomized double-masked controlled trial. Patients were randomized to twice daily beclomethasone versus placebo saline nasal spray.

A forecast of ophthalmology practice trends in saudi arabia: a survey of junior residents.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify the trends in practice pattern among current ophthalmology residents in Saudi Arabia.

Materials And Methods: Ophthalmology residents in Saudi Arabia responded anonymously to a written survey between November 2007 and February 2008. The survey contained questions on demographic information, medical education, residency training, career goals and factors influencing their career choice.

Corticosteroids versus NSAIDs on intraocular pressure and the hypertensive phase after Ahmed glaucoma valve surgery.

Purpose: To compare the effect of topical steroids versus nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on intraocular pressure (IOP) and the hypertensive phase (HP) after Ahmed glaucoma valve surgery.

Patients And Methods: Prospective, randomized, double-masked controlled trial. Twenty-eight consecutive consenting patients scheduled for Ahmed glaucoma valve surgery were randomized to receive either postoperative topical dexamethasone or ketorolac.