Cancer Biomarkers and Precision Oncology: A Review of Recent Trends and Innovations.

The discovery of cancer-specific biomarkers has resulted in major advancements in the field of cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, therefore significantly lowering cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Cancer biomarkers can be generally classified as prognostic biomarkers that predict specific disease outcomes and predictive biomarkers that predict disease response to targeted therapeutic interventions. As research in the area of predictive biomarkers continues to grow, precision medicine becomes far more integrated in cancer treatment.

Chronic granulomatous disease with recurrent hepatic abscesses in an adult.

Chronic granulomatous disease CGD is a condition of inability to deal with bacterial and fungal infections, due to defective respiratory burst in neutrophils leading to recurrent cutaneous and visceral infections. Usually a disease of childhood, but patients nowadays survive to adulthood, and diagnosis might be difficult if not considered. We describe a 20-year-old female with previously undiagnosed CGD, presenting with recurrent cutaneous and hepatic abscesses.

Perforated appendicitis within paraumbilical hernia.

The appendix is not uncommonly encountered within an external hernial sac. However, acute appendicitis in hernia is quite rare. We report a female patient who was admitted and operated as a case of incarcerated, strangulated paraumbilical hernia and the hernial sac was found to contain part of the greater omentum, pus and acutely inflamed, gangrenous appendix, perforated at the tip.