Prevalence of Hepatitis B core antibodies with negative Hepatitis B surface antigen in dialysis and chronic kidney disease patients.

Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is a potential cause of infection transmission in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and dialysis-dependant patients. It is liable to be missed since the marker for OBI, hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb), is not done routinely. We carried out a study to assess the prevalence of OBI in CKD Stage II-V or requiring renal replacement therapy.

Hyponatraemia: Epidemiology and aetiology in a tertiary care centre in Pakistan.

Objective: To determine the incidence, aetiology and epidemiology of hospitalized patients with hyponatraemia.

Methods: Subjects were identified through hospital information system for two consecutive low sodium values (< 130 mEq/L) and charts were reviewed retrospectively. Possible etiologic factors were identified and co-morbidities documented.

Pulmonary renal syndrome in a patient with vasculitis: Case report and review of literature.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) previously known as Wegner's granulomatosis, is a small vessel vasculitis that preferentially involves capillaries, arterioles and venules, presenting as multisystemic disease classically with alveolar haemorrhage and renal insufficiency. We report a case of GPA diagnosed on history, clinical findings and supported by imaging and very high levels of C-ANCA. Renal biopsy confirmed the typical histopathological findings.

IgG4-related retroperitoneal fibrosis: A case report and review of literature.

Idiopathic Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare clinical condition recently identified as an autoimmune process related to Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) deposition. Herein we report a case of a 46 year old male presenting with 4 months history of backache, fever, flank pain and leg swelling for 2 weeks. Investigations revealed acute kidney injury diagnosed as a result of bilateral ureteric obstruction.

Cerebral salt wasting: a report of three cases.

Hyponatremia secondary to the Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-Diuretic Hormone (SIADH) secretion is commonly observed in patients with various neurological disorders. Cerebral Salt Wasting (CSW) resulting in hyponatremia is also an infrequent occurrence in some patients with neurological disorders. Confusion in differentiating CSW from SIADH may arise since both results in similar electrolyte disturbances.

Scleroderma renal crises: case report and review of literature.

Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) is a connective tissue disorder which involves skin, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and lungs with considerable morbidity. Scleroderma renal crisis is a well-known severe form of renal involvement, characterised by the presence of high blood pressure with variable degrees of renal insufficiency. We report a case of scleroderma renal crisis diagnosed on the basis of history of scleroderma, high blood pressure and renal dysfunction.

Pulmonary Hydatid Disease: Capitonnage is mandatory following Cystotomy.

Pulmonary hydatid disease still remains an important healthcare problem. Conservative operative interventions including cystotomy or cystotomy with capitonnage are the two commonly used techniques. There is still significant controversy, however, over selection of these two procedures.

Pulmonary hydatid disease: is capitonnage mandatory following cystotomy?

Pulmonary hydatid disease still remains an important healthcare problem. Conservative operative interventions including cystotomy or cystotomy with capitonnage are the two commonly used techniques. There is still significant controversy, however, over selection of these two procedures.

Validation of predictive equations for glomerular filtration rate in the Saudi population.

Predictive equations provide a rapid method of assessing glomerular filtration rate (GFR). To compare the various predictive equations for the measurement of this parameter in the Saudi population, we measured GFR by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and Cockcroft-Gault formulas, cystatin C, reciprocal of cystatin C, creatinine clearance, reciprocal of creatinine, and inulin clearance in 32 Saudi subjects with different stages of renal disease. We compared GFR measured by inulin clearance and the estimated GFR by the equations.

Serum cystatin C: a surrogate marker for the characteristics of peritoneal membrane in dialysis patients.

To evaluate whether cystatin C levels can be a surrogate marker of creatinine clearance and reflect the characteristics of peritoneal membrane in dialysis patients, we performed peritoneal equilibration tests (PET) in 18 anuric adult chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with a mean age of 39.7 +/- 20 years. All the samples were analyzed for urea, creatinine, and cystatin C.

Serum cystatin C as a marker of renal function in patients with acute renal failure.

Serum creatinine level is the traditionally used tool to detect changes in renal function. Serum cystatin C (CC) has been suggested to be an equally effective marker of renal function. We measured the serum levels of creatinine and CC in 73 patients with acute renal failure (ARF) and 300 age and sex matched healthy controls.

Therapeutic equivalence and mg:mg switch ability of a generic cyclosporine microemulsion formulation (Sigmasporin Microral) in stable renal transplant patients maintained on Sandimmun Neoral.

We tested a hypothesized pharmacokinetic difference between the reference (Sandimmun Neoral) and test (Sigmasporin Microral) products to prove therapeutic equivalence in an open, multiple fixed dose, one-way crossover, multicenter, and multinational study over a period of 29 days. Forty two stable renal transplant recipients maintained on Sandimmun Neoral were enrolled. Whole blood was collected at day 14 of the study at 0, 0.

Six-month clinical outcome of cyclosporine microemulsion formulation (Sigmasporin Microral) in stable renal transplant patients previously maintained on sandimmun neoral.

The trial objective was to investigate the feasibility and safety of conversion to a generic microemulsion cyclosporine in stable renal transplant patients premaintained on Neoral. We enrolled 75 patients from seven centers in five Middle Eastern countries monitored them for 6 months after conversion to Sigmasporin Microral. Readings at 0, 0.

Diabetes complications in 1952 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients managed in a single institution in Saudi Arabia.

Background And Objectives: Because there is no recent update on the state of diabetes and its concomitant complications in Saudi Arabia, we undertook a study of the prevalence of health complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted to our institution.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of medical records of adult Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes who were seen in clinics or admitted to the Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January 1989 and January 2004.

Results: Of 1952 patients, 943 (48.

Normal reference levels of serum cystatin C in Saudi adults.

This is the first report from Saudi Arabia studying the normal reference intervals in adult Saudi subjects and evaluating serum cystatin C as a prospective marker for the assessment of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Three hundred healthy adult Saudi subjects including 156 males (52%) and 144 females (48%), with a mean age of 31.21 +/- 9.

Complications of CAPD: A Single Center Experience.

To evaluate the complications of CAPD and their contributing factors in order to improve the patients' survival and reduce morbidity and mortality, we studied records of 65 CAPD patients treated at our hospital from October 1996 to January 2002. There were 32 (49%) males and the mean age of the patients was 48 +/- 16 years. All the patients were on the twin bag CAPD system.

L-carnitine supplementation in hemodialysis patients.

L-Carnitine supplementation has shown beneficial effects in patients on hemodialysis. We studied 36 ESRD adult patients with a mean age of 47.5 +/- 15 years to evaluate the effect of L-Carnitine supplementation on hemoglobin, lipid levels and physical performance in patients on hemodialysis.

Single Center Experience with Pre-dialysis Patients.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the management of factors accelerating renal injury such as hypertension and diabetes on progression of chronic renal failure (CRF). For this end, the records of 112 CRF patients with serum creatinine (SCr) level of 150- 850 micromol/L were retrospectively studied at King Khaled University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The leading causes of CRF in the study patients were diabetes in 52 (46.

Anemia management in patients with chronic renal disease: current recommendations.

Anemia is common in renal failure in both predialysis and in patients maintained on dialysis. Consequences of anemia include decreased cognitive function, decreased exercise tolerance and a feeling of inadequate well being as well as increased left ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation that result in increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Iron deficiency is the most common factor for erythropoietin resistance even in predialysis patients.

Dialyzer reuse impact on dialyzer efficiency, patient morbidity and mortality and cost effectiveness.

Since the introduction of dialyzer reuse more than three decades ago, several studies have reported its safety, efficacy and cost effectiveness. Reuse of hemodialyzer was prospectively studied in ten chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients recruited from the renal unit, the King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for three months. During the study period, 66 dialyzers were used for 408 sessions of HD, with a mean reuse of 6.

Living unrelated renal transplant: outcome and issues.

Living unrelated transplantation (LURT) is emerging as a practical option in renal transplantation due to shortage of living related and cadaver donors. We report a six-years (December 1991 to December 1996) follow-up of 60 LURT patients. The majority of these patients (95%) were transplanted outside the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 37 in India, 14 in Egypt, five in the USA and one in Pakistan.

Prevalence of glomerular diseases: king khalid university hospital, saudi arabia.

To obtain a more recent and comprehensive insight into the prevalence of glomerular diseases in our patient population, medical records of 200 patients with biopsy proven glomerulonephritis (GN), between January 1994 and June 1999, at the King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were analyzed. Primary glomerular disease was found to be the most prevalent, accounting for 63.5% of all glomerular diseases.