Use of Integrated Intraoperative Ocular Coherence Tomography in Pediatric Cataract Surgery: Thinking outside the Box.

The advent of integrated intraoperative optical coherence tomography (i2OCT) has opened the door for safer and more complex surgeries in the retina and cornea. However, to limit its use to just two subspecialties within ophthalmology is an opportunity lost for many other subspecialties. Here, we describe the use of i2OCT in pediatric cataract surgery in circumstances that are not traditionally considered for i2OCT use.

Laser-induced Damage to Disposable Single-mirror Trabeculoplasty Lens During Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty.

Purpose: To demonstrate disposable trabeculoplasty lens damage after routine selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) for primary open-angle glaucoma.

Methods: Disposable single-mirror laser lenses were used to perform SLT in 2 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Images of the single-use mirrors were taken before and after treatment.

Similar Performance of Trabectome and Ahmed Glaucoma Devices in a Propensity Score-matched Comparison.

Purpose: To apply propensity score matching to Ahmed glaucoma drainage implants (AGI) to trabectome-mediated ab interno trabeculectomy (AIT). Recent data suggest that AIT can produce results similar to AGI traditionally reserved for more severe glaucoma.

Methods: AGI and AIT patients with at least 1 year of follow-up were included.

Venous sinus stenting shortens the duration of medical therapy for increased intracranial pressure secondary to venous sinus stenosis.

Introduction: Medical treatment, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting, and optic nerve sheath fenestration are standard treatments for increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Venous sinus stenting provides a novel alternative surgical treatment in cases of venous sinus stenosis with elevated ICP.

Methods: 12 consecutive subjects with papilledema, increased ICP, and radiological signs of dural sinus stenosis underwent cerebral venography and manometry.

Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography-Assisted Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty for Anterior Chamber Fibrous Ingrowth.

Purpose: Here, we present the first reported case of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT)-assisted Descemet membrane stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in a patient with anterior segment fibrous ingrowth.

Methods: A 61-year-old woman with corneal edema and chronic angle-closure glaucoma secondary to fibrous ingrowth after 2 glaucoma shunt device implantations underwent dissection and removal of anterior chamber fibrous ingrowth and DSAEK. The surgical techniques using intraoperative OCT and outcome are described.

Congenital entropion and hypotropia secondary to duplication of the inferior rectus muscle.

Congenital anomalies of the extraocular muscles apart from congenital fibrosis are relatively rare. Duplication of extraocular muscles is a particularly rare congenital anomaly that has been rarely reported in the literature. We present a case of unilateral congenital entropion and hypotropia resulting from duplication of the inferior rectus muscle.

Lymphoma of the orbit masquerading as Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.

Background: Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by painful ophthalmoplegia and ipsilateral cranial neuropathies. It is caused by an inflammatory process of unknown etiology.

Case Presentation: We present a case of a 77-year-old white man with history of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia transforming to large B-cell lymphoma who presented to a community physician complaining of 4 months of isolated right retro-orbital pain and later with diplopia, ptosis, 6th nerve and pupil-sparing partial 3rd nerve palsies as well as progressive neurological findings.

A simple infrared-augmented digital photography technique for detection of pupillary abnormalities.

Background: The purpose of the study was to describe a simple infrared photography technique to aid in the diagnosis and documentation of pupillary abnormalities.

Methods: An unmodified 12-megapixel "point and shoot" digital camera was used to obtain binocular still photos and videos under different light conditions with near-infrared illuminating frames. The near-infrared light of 850 nm allows the capture of clear pupil images in both dim and bright light conditions.

Effect of central corneal thickness on the long-term outcome of selective laser trabeculoplasty as primary treatment for ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose: To determine if central corneal thickness (CCT) impacts the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods: A retrospective chart review of consecutive patients, who underwent SLT as primary treatment for OHT and POAG, between 2002 and 2005, was performed. Partial correlation analysis was performed to correlate the CCT to the percentage of IOP reduction at 3 to 30 months after SLT.

Use of processed pericardium graft to plug patulous old sclerostomy track during glaucoma shunt revision for exposure.

The authors demonstrate a reproducible technique using processed pericardium to seal sclerostomy track during glaucoma shunt revision. The suggested method involves placement of a wedge-shaped processed pericardial graft into the old sclerostomy tract following tube explantation. The graft is trimmed and sutured to the sclera.

Posner-Schlossman glaucomatocyclitic crisis.

In 1948, Posner and Schlossman first reported glaucomatocyclitic crisis, an uncommon form of glaucoma characterized by recurrent unilateral episodes of markedly elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) with mild idiopathic anterior chamber inflammation. The exact etiology of glaucomatocyclitic crisis is not clear. Although it is typically a self-limited condition, some cases with advanced optic nerve cupping and associated visual field loss have been reported.

Autoimmune basis of glaucoma.

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. The current view of glaucoma is that it is a multifactorial disease. Elevated IOP is a recognized etiologic factor which can trigger initial damage through biomechanical and ischemic injury to the retinal ganglion cells.

Prevalence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in Upper Egypt.

Background: Pseudoexfoliation (PXF) is a recognized risk factor for developing cataract, glaucoma and lens dislocation. PXF is also associated with increased risk of complications during cataract surgery due to poor mydriasis and zonular weakness. The aim of this study is to report the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation among Upper Egyptians attending the ophthalmology clinic of Assiut University Hospital.

Intraocular pressure response to selective laser trabeculoplasty in the first treated eye vs the fellow eye.

Objective: To determine if the intraocular pressure (IOP) response to selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in one eye predicts long-term response to SLT in the fellow eye.

Methods: A retrospective medical record review was performed of patients who underwent SLT as primary treatment in both eyes and who completed at least 30 months of follow-up visits. Pearson product moment correlation analysis was performed to determine correlations between the 3-month percentage of IOP reduction in the first treated eye and long-term percentages of IOP reduction in the fellow eye.

Comparison of intraocular pressure-lowering effect of every night versus every other night dosing of bimatoprost 0.03%.

Purpose: To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction profiles of bimatoprost 0.03% administered every other night (QOD-HS) compared with every night (QHS) in patients with primary open angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 68 eyes of 45 consecutive patients who were switched from QHS to QOD-HS bimatoprost due to intolerable conjunctival hyperemia between May 2005 and May 2008.

Effect of prior cataract surgery on the long-term outcome of selective laser trabeculoplasty.

Objective: To determine if pseudophakia affects selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on 94 eyes of 75 consecutive patients who underwent SLT as primary treatment for ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma between 2002 and 2005 and completed at least 30 months follow up. Patients were excluded if they required additional glaucoma medications, laser, or ocular surgery during the follow-up period.

Long-term safety and efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty as primary therapy for the treatment of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma compared with primary open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate the safety and efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXFG) compared with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Design: Non-randomized, prospective, clinical trial.

Methods: Nineteen eyes of 13 patients with POAG and 18 eyes of 13 patients with PXFG were treated with SLT.

Pediatric ocular injuries from airsoft toy guns.

Purpose: To report ocular injuries caused by airsoft guns in children.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of pediatric patients who sustained ocular injuries related to airsoft guns between November 2005 and December 2007. Place of trauma, presenting symptoms and signs, surgical interventions performed, and final visual outcome were reviewed.

Evaluation of pulsed Nd:YAG laser posterior hyaloidotomy as an emergency treatment for blinding premacular subhyaloid hemorrhage.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of Nd:YAG laser posterior hyaloidotomy as a method allowing rapid drainage of subhyaloid hemorrhage into the vitreous gel.

Design: Nonrandomized, prospective, interventional, controlled case series.

Methods: Nd:YAG laser posterior hyaloidotomy was performed in four eyes of three patients with premacular subhyaloid hemorrhage.

Ocular acid burn due to 20% concentrated salicylic acid.

This is a case report of severe conjunctival and corneal epithelial defects resulting from accidental exposure to salicylic acid that was mistakenly used instead of artificial tears (eye drops). The patient was treated with tobramycin 0.3%-dexamethasone 1% 3 times a day, cyclopentolate 1% twice a day, and artificial tears 6 times a day and underwent daily examinations until the corneal and conjunctival epithelial defects resolved.

Severe ocular injuries from improperly disposed medical syringes in children.

This report describes ocular injuries caused by syringes in children. The records of 12 children injured with syringes were reviewed. There were seven cases of endophthalmitis, two cases of panophthalmitis, one case of retinal detachment, one case of endophthalmitis with retinal detachment, and one case of traumatic cataract.

Severe pediatric ocular injury due to explosion of a firecracker inside a soda bottle.

This case report describes a penetrating ocular injury, followed by endophthalmitis, in a four-year-old girl, resulting from explosion of a small K0201 match-cracker inside a soda bottle. The patient presented with two corneal lacerations, ruptured crystalline lens, multiple intraocular foreign bodies, and hyphema of the right eye, for which immediate surgical exploration and repair was performed. The patient developed aggressive endophthalmitis that led to atrophy of the eye within a few weeks.