The Fast Evolution of the Stenobothrini Grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acrididae, and Gomphocerinae) Revealed by an Analysis of the Control Region of mtDNA, with an Emphasis on the Group.

The two cryptic grasshopper species of the genus , and , demonstrate different acoustic behavior despite a strong similarity in morphology. A hybridization between these species is possible in the contact zone; however, there are little molecular data about the relationships of these species. The analysis of the mtDNA control region (CR) reveals that haplotypes of have more in common with the more distant species than with the closely related .

"…because the social work never ends": a qualitative study exploring how NGOs responded to emerging needs while upholding responsibility to HIV prevention and treatment during the war in Ukraine.

Introduction: Since the onset of the Russian invasion on 24 February 2022, the health system in Ukraine has been placed under tremendous pressure, with damage to critical infrastructure, large losses of human resources, restricted mobility and significant supply chain interruptions. Based on a longstanding partnership between the Ukrainian Institute for Social Research after Oleksandr Yaremenko (UISR after O. Yaremenko) and the Institute for Global Public Health at the University of Manitoba, we explore the impact of the full-scale war on non-governmental organizations (NGOs, including charitable organizations) providing services for key population groups in Ukraine.

Using experience during the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure the quality of PCR studies.

The issues of laboratory diagnostics have been relevant since the first days of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and play a key role in the fight against the spread of a new coronavirus infection. A direct method for the etiological diagnosis of the causative agent of COVID-19 is the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using the nucleic acid amplification method. In the context of a pandemic and the mass appeal of patients for medical care, the issues of ensuring the quality of ongoing molecular biological studies at all stages (preanalytical, analytical, postanalytical) become the most relevant.

Statistical properties of extreme soliton collisions.

Synchronous collisions between a large number of solitons are considered in the context of a statistical description. It is shown that, during the interaction of solitons of the same signs, the wave field is effectively smoothed out. When the number of solitons increases and the sequence of their amplitudes decay slower, the focused wave becomes even smoother and the statistical moments get frozen for a long time.

Awareness and Utilization of HIV Testing and Prevention Services Among Female Sex Workers in Dnipro, Ukraine: Implications for Prevention Program Strengthening From the Dynamics Study.

Introduction: Approximately 240,000 people live with HIV in Ukraine, concentrated among key populations, including sex workers. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play an important role in the funding and delivery of HIV testing and prevention services in Ukraine. These services are set within the context of national healthcare reforms as well as ongoing armed conflict.

Sex work stigma and the recuperation of moral personhood through gendered labour: sex worker diaries in Ukraine.

Based on a diary writing exercise, this paper illuminates the complex ways in which sex workers in Ukraine actively work through and manage stigma in their daily lives. Pushing beyond the notion of stigma as a static and fixed psychosocial designation that can be readily measured, we argue that stigma is actively confronted by sex workers through various forms of gendered emotional and physical labour that enable them to recuperate a sense of moral personhood. This notion of moral personhood is often tied to wider gender-specific values pertaining to caregiving and motherhood.

Exploring the impact of military conflict on sex work in Ukraine: Women's experiences of economic burden.

Little is known about the impact of military conflict on sex work from the perspective of sex workers. We attempt to explore the meaning of conflict on sex work by asking women about the changes that they have experienced in their lives and work since the beginning of the 2014 military conflict in eastern Ukraine. The findings in this article are based on qualitative interviews with 43 cisgender women living and practicing sex work in Dnipro, eastern Ukraine.

Songs and morphology in three species of the group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Gomphocerinae) in Russia and adjacent countries.

Songs and morphology are compared between (Vorontsovsky, 1928) that was previously named as and two other closely related species, (Thunberg, 1815) and Mistshenko, 1951. We compare them because the calling song of was previously shown to have song elements similar to those of other two species. One morphological character, the length of stridulatory file, appeared to be the best character to distinguish between all three species.

Socioeconomic Burdens of the COVID-19 Pandemic on LMIC Populations with Increased HIV Vulnerabilities.

Purpose Of Review: To review the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its public health response on key populations at risk of HIV infection, with a focus on sex workers.

Recent Findings: Since last year several groups have documented how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the livelihoods and health of sex workers. We focus on case studies from Kenya, Ukraine, and India and place these in the broader global context of sex worker communities, drawing on common themes that span geographies.

Songs and morphology in grasshoppers of the Stenobothrus eurasius group (Orthoptera: Acrdidae: Gomphocerinae) from Russia and adjacent countries: clarifying of taxonomic status.

On the basis of the song and morphological analyses, we revised the status of the subspecies Stenobothrus eurasius eurasius Zubowsky, 1898, and S. eurasius hyalosuperficies Vorontsovskii, 1927. The status of the subspecies S.

Contributions to the study of the grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) courtship songs from Kazakhstan and adjacent territories.

Male courtship songs of 9 grasshopper species of Gomphocerinae from Kazakhstan and Orenburg region and Altai Republic of Russia were studied. We analyzed not only the sound, but also the stridulatory movements of the hind legs to more entirely describe the songs. We also analyze the frequency spectra of the songs and the whole visual display during courtship.

Increased Expression of the Multimerin-1 Gene in α-Synuclein Knokout Mice.

Multimerin-1 (Mmrn-1) is a soluble protein, also known as elastin microfibril interfacer 4 (EMILIN-4), found in platelets and in the endothelium of blood vessels. Its function and role in pathology are still not fully understood. Genetic modifications in alpha-synuclein gene (Snca) locus that mapped 160 Kb apart from Mmrn-1 in mouse genome, could weigh with regulatory elements of Mmrn-1 gene.

The effect of build orientation on both flexural quasi-static and fatigue behaviours of filament deposited PA6 polymer.

The present paper aims to study the effect of manufacturing build orientation on both flexural quasi-static and fatigue behaviours of semi-crystalline polyamide 6 obtained by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), by considering the porosity and surface roughness. The glass transition temperature, melting temperature, and crystallinity degree were measured complementary to understand better the process. Fatigue analysis is here fully described in visco-elastic domain of material.

Alterations in the nigrostriatal system following conditional inactivation of α-synuclein in neurons of adult and aging mice.

The etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) are tightly linked to the gain-of-function of α-synuclein. However, gradual accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates in dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) leads to the depletion of the functional pool of soluble α-synuclein, and therefore, creates loss-of-function conditions, particularly in presynaptic terminals of these neurons. Studies of how this late-onset depletion of a protein involved in many important steps of neurotransmission contributes to PD progression and particularly, to worsening the nigrostriatal pathology at late stages of the disease are limited and obtained data, are controversial.

Possibilities of Manufacturing Products from Cermet Compositions Using Nanoscale Powders by Additive Manufacturing Methods.

Complicated wear-resistant parts made by selective laser melting (SLM) of powder material based on compositions of metal and ceramics can be widely used in mining, oil engineering, and other precision engineering industries. Ceramic-metal compositions were made using nanoscale powders by powder metallurgy methods. Optimal regimes were found for the SLM method.

Synuclein Deficiency Decreases the Efficiency of Dopamine Uptake by Synaptic Vesicles.

In the present study, we analyzed the uptake of radiolabeled dopamine by intact synaptosomes and purified synaptic vesicles isolated from the dorsal striatum of mice with constitutive inactivation of all three synuclein-coding genes and wild-type mice. Synuclein deficiency substantially compromised the uptake of this neurotransmitter by synaptic vesicles but had no effect on synaptosomal dopamine uptake.

Genetic inactivation of alpha-synuclein affects embryonic development of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, but not the ventral tegmental area, in mouse brain.

Lesion of the dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal system is a key feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Alpha-synuclein is a protein that is a major component of Lewy bodies, histopathological hallmarks of PD, and is involved in regulation of dopamine (DA) neurotransmission. Previous studies of knockout mice have shown that inactivation of alpha-synuclein gene can lead to the reduction in number of DA neurons in the substantia nigra (SN).

New and Uncommon Fatty Acids in Lipids of Deep-Sea Foraminifera.

Fatty acids (FA) of agglutinating foraminifera of two genera, Bathysiphon and Rhabdammina, collected from a depth of 3307-3377 m in the Kuril Basin, Sea of Okhotsk, and adjacent deep-sea waters of the Pacific Ocean, were analyzed. In lipids of two Bathysiphon species, in addition to common FA typical for marine organisms, the uncommon ∆4 and ∆7 monoenoic acids and ∆4,7-dienoic acid were found in noticeable amounts. FA of two Rhabdammina species included also such uncommon acids as ∆5,8,11,14-21:4, ∆5,8,11,14-22:4, and ∆5,8,11,14-23:4, which are homologues to arachidonic acid.

Generation of mouse lines with conditionally or constitutively inactivated Snca gene and Rosa26-stop-lacZ reporter located in cis on the mouse chromosome 6.

α-Synuclein is involved in many important molecular processes in neuronal cells and their synapses, and its malfunction has been linked to the development of Parkinson's and certain other neurodegenerative diseases. Animal models allowing tightly monitored conditional inactivation of the encoding gene, Snca, are indispensible for studies aimed at understanding normal function of α-synuclein in various neuronal populations and its role in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. We have recently reported the production of several novel mouse lines for manipulating expression of the endogenous Snca gene, including a line for Cre-recombinase-driven conditional inactivation of the gene (mice with floxed Snca) and a new line with a constitutive knockout of α-synuclein.

The new line of genetically modified mice with constitutive knockout of the gene alpha synuclein to study pathogenetic aspects of differential loss of dopaminergic neurons .

The Purpose: This study investigated the role of alpha-synuclein in the development of dopaminergic neurons.

Methods: In this study a new SNCA knockout mouse line has been used to model the deficiency of alpha-synuclein function. In the knockout and control mice the dynamics of the formation of two distinct populations of dopaminergic neurons differently affected in patients with PD was studied by the comparative morphometric analysis.

The role of alpha-synuclein in the development of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area.

Alpha-synuclein is a presynaptic protein of vertebrates that belongs to the family of synucleins. Normal functions of synucleins remain unknown. Alpha-synuclein is one of the causative factors of the familial and idiopathic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD).

A novel resource for studying function and dysfunction of α-synuclein: mouse lines for modulation of endogenous Snca gene expression.

Pathological modification of α-synuclein is believed to be an important event in pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and several other neurodegenerative diseases. In normal cells this protein has been linked to many intracellular processes and pathways. However, neither normal function of α-synuclein in neuronal and certain other types of cells nor its exact role in the disease pathogenesis is well understood, which is largely due to limitations of animal models used for studying this protein.

Performance of an Early Infant Diagnostic Test, AmpliSens DNA-HIV-FRT, Using Dried Blood Spots Collected from Children Born to Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Mothers in Ukraine.

An accurate accessible test for early infant diagnosis (EID) is crucial for identifying HIV-infected infants and linking them to treatment. To improve EID services in Ukraine, dried blood spot (DBS) samples obtained from 237 HIV-exposed children (≤18 months of age) in six regions in Ukraine in 2012 to 2013 were tested with the AmpliSens DNA-HIV-FRT assay, the Roche COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan (CAP/CTM) HIV-1 Qual test, and the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 Qualitative assay. In comparison with the paired whole-blood results generated from AmpliSens testing at the oblast HIV reference laboratories in Ukraine, the sensitivity was 0.

The antitumor efficacy of cisplatin in combination with triptorelin and exemestane therapy for an ovarian cancer ascites model in Wistar rats.

Aim: To study antitumor activity of triptorelin - agonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and exemestane - inhibitor of aromatase in combination with cisplatin on the model of receptor-positive for estrogens and progesterone malignant transplantable ascites ovarian tumor (OT); to assess tumor response to treatment and VEGF expression in tumor cells under different combinations of cytostatic and hormonal drugs.

Materials And Methods: 36 female Wistar rats, which underwent intraperitoneal transplantation of ascites OT (5×10(6) cells per animal), have been involved in the study. Rats were distributed into 4 groups (9 rats in each group): group 1 - animals, which received combination of cisplatin and triptorelin; group 2 - rats treated with combination of cisplatin and exemestane; group 3 - animals, which were administered with combination of cisplatin, triptorelin and exemestane; group 4 - rats, which received combination of triptorelin and exemestane.

[A mice model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis expressing mutant human FUS protein].

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND AND ОBJECTIVE: Loss of conformation and function of sufficient number of proteins with high aggregation capacity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders (NDD). Due to a recent discovery of new array of proteins with the capacity to form aggregates of nonamyloid type, new NDD models as well as a new level of understanding in vivo models which are already exist is needed. DNA/RN A binding proteins - FUS and TDP-43 play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of some forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia.