Isolation of β-O-4-Rich Lignin From Birch in High Yields Enabled by Continuous-Flow Supercritical Water Treatment.

The continuous flow supercritical water (scHO) treatment of Birch wood (T=372-382 °C; t=0.3-0.7 s; p=260 bar) followed by alkali extraction of lignin allowed for the isolation of lignin and lignin carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) with a high number of β-O-4 moieties in the range 29-57/100 Ar (evaluated by quantitative C NMR analysis) in yields ranging between 13-19 wt % with respect to the initial wood.

[Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-positive individuals].

The article discusses the historical aspect and modern ideas about the etiology and pathogenesis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with HIV infection. An analysis and synthesis of literature data on the clinical presentation of this pathology was carried out. The possibilities and limitations of laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods, including neuroimaging methods, are discussed in detail.

Photoinactivation of and by Near-Infrared Radiation Using a Trehalose-Conjugated Heptamethine Cyanine.

The spread of multidrug-resistant mycobacterium strains requires the development of new approaches to combat diseases caused by these pathogens. For that, photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a promising approach. In this study, a tricarbocyanine (TCC) is used for the first time as a near-infrared (740 nm) activatable PDI photosensitizer to kill mycobacteria with deep light penetration.

Advanced NMR Characterization of Aquasolv Omni (AqSO) Biorefinery Lignins/Lignin-Carbohydrate Complexes.

Our recently reported AquaSolv Omni (AqSO) process shows great potential as a parameter-controlled type of biorefinery, which allows tuning of structure and properties of the products towards their optimal use in high-value applications. Herein, a comprehensive NMR (quantitative C, P, and 2D heteronuclear single-quantum coherence) structural characterization of AqSO lignins is reported. The effect of the process severity (P-factor) and liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S) on the structure of the extracted lignins has been investigated and discussed.

[The structure of stroke and the effect of somatic and addiction diseases on its appearance and course in patients with HIV infection].

Objective: To study the contribution of somatic and addiction diseases to the formation and course of acute cerebrovascular accidents in people with HIV infection.

Material And Methods: The study included 123 patients with HIV infection, aged 27 to 86 years, who were treated in the primary vascular departments of hospitals in the Tyumen region in the period from 2013 to 2019. The patients were divided into two groups corresponding to the typology of stroke.

Investigation of the tight binding mechanism of a new anticoagulant DD217 to factor Xa by means of molecular docking and molecular dynamics.

A new promising drug candidate DD217 has been proposed recently as a potent anticoagulant acting on factor Xa (fXa) target. It exhibits the lowest concentration of doubling the prothrombin time among the known anticoagulants. In order to explain the efficacy of DD217 in terms of molecular interactions with its target we studied the hypothesis of the tight binding mechanism by means of molecular dynamics simulations and statistical analysis of the trajectory.

Effect of Volatile Anesthetics on Myocardial Infarction After Coronary Artery Surgery: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Trial.

Objective: To investigate the effect of volatile anesthetics on the rates of postoperative myocardial infarction (MI) and cardiac death after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).

Design: A post hoc analysis of a randomized trial.

Setting: Cardiac surgical operating rooms.

Risk Factors for Deep Sternal Wound Infection after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: a Case-Control Study.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) after off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) grafting surgery.

Methods: A total of 8,442 patients undergoing OPCAB from April 1, 2009 to December 31, 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 956 were eventually enrolled on this study based on our exclusion criteria.

[Dilated phase of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: high-risk reconstructive surgery as an alternative to heart transplantation].

The authors report the diagnosis and surgical treatment of 5 patients with dilated phase of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Features of these patients are progressive heart failure, double-level blood flow obstruction and the risk of apical aneurysms. Reconstructive remodeling surgery is a reasonable alternative to heart transplantation despite the existing risk.

The Development of New Low-Molecular-Weight Factor Xa Inhibitors that are Potential Anticoagulants.

Background: Despite the introduction of direct oral anticoagulants, the search for new oral anticoagulants remains an urgent task.

Objective: By using docking and scoring, based on physical methods, simple chemical rules, methods of synthesis, and activity measurement, develop new low-molecular-weight inhibitors of factor Xa, which are potential anticoagulants.

Methods: The development of leads was based on chemical synthesis and structure-based drug design methods.

[Down's syndrome with congenital acute leukemia and congenital heart disease].

Objective: To report a rare case of Down's syndrome with congenital acute leukemia and congenital heart disease.

Material And Methods: We have retrospectively analyzed an electronic database of patients aged 0-17 years who underwent inpatient treatment of congenital heart disease at the Federal Center for Cardiovascular Surgery for the period from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2018. Incidence of Down's syndrome in children with congenital heart defects was 5.

Minithoracotomy vs. Conventional Mitral Valve Surgery for Rheumatic Mitral Valve Stenosis: a Single-Center Analysis of 128 Patients.

Objective: To compare the in-hospital outcomes of a right-sided anterolateral minithoracotomy with those of median sternotomy in patients who received a mitral valve replacement (MVR) because of rheumatic mitral valve stenosis (RMS).

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 128 patients (34% male) with RMS between 2011 and 2015. The median age was 53 years (45; 56).

The Russian Conduit - Combining Bentall and Ozaki Procedures for Concomitant Ascending Aorta Replacement and Aortic Valve Neocuspidization.

In aortic valve disease cases, prosthetic valves have been used for valve replacement, however, these prostheses have inherent problems, and their quality in some countries is lower comparing to new-generation models, causing shorter durability. Aortic valve neocuspidization (AVNeo) has emerged as an option, which can be applied to a wide spectrum of these diseases. Despite the promising results, this procedure is not widely spread among cardiac surgeons yet.

Ligation of Left Atrial Appendage during Off-Pump Coronary Surgery.

Objective: The main purpose of this article is to evaluate an impact of epicardial ligation of the left atrial appendage (LAA) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) on the development of ischemic stroke and mortality.

Methods: From 2009 to 2013, a total of 125 patients (86.4% men, mean age 64 ± 7 years, 95% confidence interval: 61-65 years) received a combined OPCAB and LAA ligation because of coronary artery disease and AF.

Volatile Anesthetics versus Total Intravenous Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery.

Background: Volatile (inhaled) anesthetic agents have cardioprotective effects, which might improve clinical outcomes in patients undergoing coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods: We conducted a pragmatic, multicenter, single-blind, controlled trial at 36 centers in 13 countries. Patients scheduled to undergo elective CABG were randomly assigned to an intraoperative anesthetic regimen that included a volatile anesthetic (desflurane, isoflurane, or sevoflurane) or to total intravenous anesthesia.

[Limb-shaking transitory ischaemic attack in a patient with subocclusion of the internal carotid artery].

Described in the article is a clinical case report concerning symptomatic subocclusion of the internal carotid artery in a male patient with a rare variant of recurrent limb-shaking transitory ischaemic attacks (LS-TIA). The patient presented with a three-month history of episodes of involuntary jerky movements in his left hand. These episodes occurred invariably on assuming a vertical position.

Lignin-carbohydrate complexes: properties, applications, analyses, and methods of extraction: a review.

The complexity of lignin and hemicellulose segmentation has been known since the middle of the ninetieth century. Studies confirmed that all lignin units in coniferous species and 47-66% of lignin moieties in deciduous species are bound to hemicelluloses or cellulose molecules in lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC). Different types and proportions of lignin and polysaccharides present in biomass lead to the formation of LCC with a great variety of compositions and structures.

The Development of New Factor Xa Inhibitors Based on Amide Synthesis.

Background: Factor Xa (FXa) is known to play a central role in blood coagulation cascade and considered to be one of the most attractive targets for oral anticoagulants of new generation.

Objective: Our approach for the development of directly acting oral anticoagulants (DOAC), FXa inhibitors was demonstrated in this work.

Method: Chemical synthesis is the base of our approach for the development of potential inhibitors.

[Myocardial Crypt of the Left Ventricle Combined With Barlows syndrome].

Myocardial crypts were initially described in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Modern diagnostic data show that this structural abnormality can be found in patients with other diseases, or might represent the variant of normal heart development in healthy individuals. The prognostic significance of this finding is uncertain.

A process for producing lignin and volatile compounds from hydrolysis liquor.

Background: Hot water hydrolysis process is commercially applied for treating wood chips prior to pulping or wood pellet production, while it produces hydrolysis liquor as a by-product. Since the hydrolysis liquor is dilute, the production of value-added materials from it would be challenging.

Results: In this study, acidification was proposed as a viable method to extract (1) furfural and acetic acid from hot water hydrolysis liquor and (2) lignin compounds from the liquor.

Arguments to Apply Epinephrine for Pocket Hematoma Reduction. The MAITRE Study.

Pocket hematoma (PH) is a common complication of implantations of cardiac electrophysiological devices with occurring at a particularly high rate in patients on oral anticoagulation or antiplatelet treatment. Different pharmacological agents with hemostatic effect are used to avoid PH. We supposed that the vasoconstrictor effects of epinephrine may reduce bleeding extent and be effective in prevention of PH.

[A COMPARISON OF TWO APPROACHES FOR INTRAOPERATIVE LEVOSIMENDAN ADMINISTRATION IN CARDIAC SURGICAL PATIENTS WITH SEVERE LEFT VENTRICLE DYSFUNCTION.].

Background: It is proved that levosimendan administration improves overall outcome and reduces mortality in high risk cardiac patients. However up to now there is no optimal scheme of its use in intraoperative settings.

The Aim: To compare two approaches of levosimendan administration in patients with left ventricle ejectionfraction less than 35% who underwent cardiac surgery.

The chief of Medical department of Military ministry.

World's first biography of Tarasov D.K. (1792-1866), honorary surgeon in ordinary to the king, prominent figure in Russian military medicine.