Evaluation of blood MSI burden dynamics to trace immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy efficacy through the course of treatment.

Analysis of serial liquid biopsy (LB) samples has been found to be a promising approach for the monitoring of tumor dynamics in the course of therapy for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Currently, somatic mutations are used for tracing the dynamics of the tumor via LB. However, the analysis of the dynamic changes in the molecular signatures such as microsatellite instability (MSI) is not currently used.

Multi-Institutional Evaluation of Interrater Agreement of Biomarker-Drug Pair Rankings Based on the ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of molecular Targets (ESCAT) and Sources of Discordance.

Background: The widespread use of next-generation sequencing in clinical practice has contributed to the accumulation of a large number of genomic findings associated with targeted therapy; therefore, the problem of ranking the detected findings has become acute. The European Society for Medical Oncology Scale of Clinical Actionability of molecular Targets (ESCAT) system was designed by the European Society for Medical Oncology to rank biomarkers into levels of evidence that reflect their potency and clinical significance based on published clinical data. However, the ESCAT system remains imperfect, as it is based on a subjective assessment of the levels of evidence.

Functional Activity of the Antioxidant System of Genus Plants in the Republic of Buryatia (Russia) and Its Significance in Plant Adaptation.

Plants are sessile organisms and any changes in environmental factors activate various responses and defense mechanisms. plants widely inhabit harsh conditions of arid and semiarid ecosystems. Using two species-a subshrub, , and an annual-biennial herb, -the functioning of the antioxidant system of plants in semiarid territories have been examined.

GWAS reveals genetic basis of a predisposition to severe COVID-19 through modeling of the FYCO1 protein.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, is heavily reliant on its natural ability to "hack" the host's genetic and biological pathways. The genetic susceptibility of the host is a key factor underlying the severity of the disease. Polygenic risk scores are essential for risk assessment, risk stratification, and the prevention of adverse outcomes.

Mortality and survival in nonagenarians during the COVID-19 pandemic: Unstable equilibrium of aging.

Introduction: Aging puts the human body under an immense stress and makes it extremely susceptible to many diseases, often leading to poor outcomes and even death. Long-living individuals represent a unique group of people who withstood the stress of time and offer an abundance of information on the body's ability to endure the pressure of aging. In this study, we sought to identify predictors of overall one-year mortality in 1641 long-living individuals.

Analyzing Successful Aging and Longevity: Risk Factors and Health Promoters in 2020 Older Adults.

Geriatric syndromes (GSs) and aging-associated diseases (AADs) are common side effects of aging. They are affecting the lives of millions of older adults and placing immense pressure on healthcare systems and economies worldwide. It is imperative to study the factors causing these conditions and develop a holistic framework for their management.

Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on the Gut Microbiota Composition and Serum Amino Acid Profile in Rats.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) heavily impacts the body: it damages the brain tissue and the peripheral nervous system and shifts homeostasis in many types of tissue. An acute brain injury compromises the "brain-gut-microbiome axis", a well-balanced network formed by the brain, gastrointestinal tract, and gut microbiome, which has a complex effect: damage to the brain alters the composition of the microbiome; the altered microbiome affects TBI severity, neuroplasticity, and metabolic pathways through various bacterial metabolites. We modeled TBI in rats.

Pathogenesis-based preexposure prophylaxis associated with a low risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers at a designated COVID-19 hospital: a pilot study.

Background: At present, no agents are known to be effective at preventing COVID-19. Based on current knowledge of the pathogenesis of this disease, we suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection might be attenuated by directly maintaining innate pulmonary redox, metabolic and dilation functions using well-tolerated medications that are known to serve these functions, specifically, a low-dose aerosolized combination of glutathione, inosine and potassium.

Methods: From June 1 to July 10, 2020, we conducted a pilot, prospective, open-label, single-arm, single-center study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with aerosolized combination medication (ACM) on the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in 99 healthcare workers (HCWs) at a hospital designated for treating COVID-19 patients.

Aberrant alternative splicing of exon II in peripheral blood lymphocytes of drug-naïve schizophrenic patients.

The aim of the study was to characterize the pattern of transcript isoforms of exon II in lymphocytes of the blood as peripheral biomarkers of schizophrenia development and the effectiveness of antipsychotic therapy. We primarily observed an increase in mRNA levels and elevation of alternative variants in a sample of drug-naïve schizophrenic patients compared to the control group. There was no association of the expression level of transcript isoforms with the effectiveness of the antipsychotic therapy.

Genotyping of Russian isolates of fungal pathogen Trichophyton rubrum, based on simple sequence repeat and single nucleotide polymorphism.

Background: The Trichophyton rubrum species group consists of prevalent causative agents of human skin, nail and hair infections, including T rubrum sensu stricto and T violaceum, as well as other less well-established or debatable taxa like T soudanense, T kuryangei and T megninii. Our previous study provided limited evidence in favour of the existence of two genetic lineages in the Russian T rubrum sensu stricto population.

Objectives: We aimed to study the genetic structure of the Russian population of T rubrum and to identify factors shaping this structure.

Diagnostic markers of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with severe asthma.

Introduction: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a lung disease in patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis (CF) caused by chronic allergic inflammation to Aspergillus spp. antigens. The role of different immunological mediators in the formation of chronic allergic inflammation in patients with ABPA is not sufficiently explored.

Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T interdigitale genotypes are associated with particular geographic areas and clinical manifestations.

The fungi Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T interdigitale account for significant amount of dermatophytosis cases worldwide. These two dermatophytes form a species complex and have a number of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region genotypes, allowing simultaneous species identification and strain typing. Our aim was to describe the geographic distribution of T mentagrophytes/T interdigitale ITS region genotypes and find an association between the genotypes and clinical presentations of respective infections.

Whole genome sequence of first Candida auris strain, isolated in Russia.

Candida auris is an emergent yeast pathogen, easily transmissible between patients and with high percent of multidrug resistant strains. Here we present a draft genome sequence of the first known Russian strain of C. auris, isolated from a case of candidemia.

Species boundaries in the Trichophyton mentagrophytes / T. interdigitale species complex.

The fungi Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. interdigitale are closely related species, causing superficial infections in humans and other mammals. The status of these taxa is a field of long-lasting debates.

[The effect of antipsychotic drug on monoamine receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: affinity linked mechanism].

Schizophrenia is one of the most serious and common mental disorders, which is characterized by high levels of pathogenic heterogeneity as well as neuroimmune abnormalities, which require treatment with antipsychotic drugs. Monoamines are one of the key neurotransmitters which play an important role in neuroimmune interactions of the human organism. We suggest that the quantity of the monoamine receptors on mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood (PBMCs) can be associated with the cytokine profile of patients.

Etiology of invasive candidosis agents in Russia: a multicenter epidemiological survey.

A multicenter prospective epidemiological survey on the etiologic agents of invasive candidosis was conducted in Russia in the period of 2012-2014. Samples were collected from 284 patients with invasive candidosis and Candida species isolated by culture. The species were identified by DNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF massspectrometry.

Potential diagnostic markers of olanzapine efficiency for acute psychosis: a focus on peripheral biogenic amines.

Background: Biomarkers are now widely used in many fields of medicine, and the identification of biomarkers that predict antipsychotic efficacy and adverse reactions is a growing area of psychiatric research. Monoamine molecules of the peripheral bloodstream are possible prospective biomarkers based on a growing body of evidence indicating that they may reflect specific changes in neurotransmitters in the brain. The aim of this study was to detect peripheral biogenic amine indicators of patients with acute psychosis and to test the correlations between the biological measures studied and the psychopathological status of the patients.

Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease.

Background: Alcohol abuse has deleterious effects on human health by disrupting the functions of many organs and systems. Gut microbiota has been implicated in the pathogenesis of alcohol-related liver diseases, with its composition manifesting expressed dysbiosis in patients suffering from alcoholic dependence. Due to its inherent plasticity, gut microbiota is an important target for prevention and treatment of these diseases.

Single-nucleotide polymorphism in a local population of Trichophyton rubrum.

Trichophyton rubrum is an important causative agent of superficial mycoses worldwide. To uncover a genetic composition of a local population of this fungus, we sequenced A7C99_6411 and A7C99_6714 loci, coding for hypothetical proteins and revealed two complex genotypes, differing by a single missense mutation in each locus. One of the two A7C99_6411/6714 genotypes was not found in tinea pedis cases and demonstrated mostly longer TRS-1 elements when compared to another genotype.

Data on gut metagenomes of the patients with alcoholic dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver cirrhosis.

Alcoholism is associated with significant changes in gut microbiota composition. Metagenomic sequencing allows to assess the altered abundance levels of bacterial taxa and genes in a culture-independent way. We collected 99 stool samples from the patients with alcoholic dependence syndrome (=72) and alcoholic liver cirrhosis (=27).

Reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships in dermatomycete genus Trichophyton Malmsten 1848 based on ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region, partial 28S rRNA and beta-tubulin genes sequences.

Trichophyton spp. are important causative agents of superficial mycoses. The phylogeny of the genus and accurate strain identification, based on the ribosomal ITS region sequencing, are still under development.

[Metagenomic analysis of taxonomic and functional changes in gut microbiota of patients with alcoholic dependence syndrome].

Here we present the first metagenomic study of gut microbiota in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) performed in the whole-genome ("shotgun") format. Taxonomic analysis highlighted changes in community "drivers" abundance previously associated with inflammatory processes (including increase in Ruminococcus gnavus and torques, as well as decrease in Faecalibacterium and Akkermansia). Microbiota of alcoholics manifested presence of specific opportunistic pathogens rarely detected in healthy control subjects of the world.

The Key Proteins of Dopaminergic Neurotransmission of Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes: Changed mRNA Level in Alcohol Dependence Syndrome.

The expression of dopamine receptor (DRD), Nurr1 transcription factor (NR4A2), and α-sinucleine (SNCA) genes in peripheral blood lymphocytes is evaluated. The results indicate that alcohol dependence is associated with high expression of SNCA and DRD4 (signifi cantly higher than in the control group) and is not associated with changes in the work of NR4A2 and DRD3 genes. The levels of DRD3 and DRD4 mRNA form a positive linear correlation (p≤0.