Exploring the physiological, biochemical, and enzymatic responses of Vigna mungo varieties to Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV) infection.

This study aims to enhance sustainable disease management in black gram by identifying varieties resistant to Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV). We screened sixteen black gram genotypes, assessing physiological, biochemical and enzymatic basis. Results revealed a range of resistance levels, with PANT URD-19 showing the highest resistance (PDI 0.

Mycoprotein nanoparticles in agriculture.

A32 kDa protein from fungi can be used to produce nanoparticles which might be use as nanofertilisers needed by plants. There are large numbers of fungi which can be used for the efficient synthesis of nanofertiliser particles. Generally, the formation of nanoparticles by fungi involves metal capture, enzymatic reduction and capping on their surface.

Evidence of population expansion and insecticide resistance mechanism in invasive fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda).

Background: The invasive and calamitous polyphagous pest Spodoptera frugiperda or commonly known as fall armyworm (FAW) poses serious menace to the global agricultural production. Owing to the revamped invasion of FAW in 2018 in India, present study was undertaken for precise assessment of its genetic identity and pesticide resistance to aid in pest-management strategies.

Results: To evaluate the diversity in FAW population across Eastern India, mitochondrial COI sequences were used which revealed a low nucleotide diversity.

Transcription dynamics of heat-shock proteins (Hsps) and endosymbiont titres in response to thermal stress in whitefly, (Asia-I).

The sweet potato whitefly, (Gennadius), is one of the several species complexes of whitefly that are currently significant agricultural pests. infests more than 600 plant species and thrives under a wide range of temperature conditions. In addition to the direct damage caused by sucking plant sap, it vectors several plant viruses.

Unraveling the Basis of Neonicotinoid Resistance in Whitefly Species Complex: Role of Endosymbiotic Bacteria and Insecticide Resistance Genes.

(whitefly) is one of the most detrimental agricultural insect pests and vectors of many plant viruses distributed worldwide. Knowledge of the distribution patterns and insecticide resistance of this cryptic species is crucial for its management. In this study, genetic variation of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 () gene of was analyzed followed by a study of the infection profile of various endosymbionts in 26 whitefly populations collected from West Bengal, India.

Copy number variation of two begomovirus acquired and inoculated by different cryptic species of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci in Okra.

The whitefly, B.tabaci is a major pest of agricultural crops which transmits begomovirus in a species-specific manner. Yellow vein mosaic disease (YVMD) and okra leaf curl disease (OLCD) caused by distinct begomovirus are a major limitation to production of okra in India.

Effect of Neonicotinoids on Bacterial Symbionts and Insecticide-Resistant Gene in Whitefly, .

The silverleaf whitefly, (Gennadius, Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a major threat to field and horticultural crops worldwide. Persistent use of insecticides for the management of this pest is a lingering problem. In the present study, the status of sensitivity of to two neonicotinoids, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, was evaluated.

Genomic properties of allamanda leaf mottle distortion virus, a new begomovirus from golden trumpet (Allamanda cathartica) in India.

Golden trumpet (Allamanda cathartica) plants were observed to exhibit mottling and distortion symptoms on leaves. The genome of an associated begomovirus (Al-K1) was amplified by rolling-circle amplification, cloned, and sequenced. The viral genome consisted of two circular ssDNA molecules, and the organization of the ORFs was similar to those of DNA-A and DNA-B components of bipartite begomoviruses.

Involvement of small heat shock proteins (sHsps) in developmental stages of fall armyworm, and its expression pattern under abiotic stress condition.

Fall armyworm (FAW), a recent invasive pest in India is reported to cause significant damage by feeding voraciously on maize and other economic crops from tropical to temperate provinces. It is becoming an arduous challenge to control the pest as it can survive in a wide range of temperature conditions and is already said to develop resistance towards certain insecticides. The small Heat shock proteins (hereafter, sHsps) are known to play an important role in adaptation of insects under such stress conditions.

Assessment of resistance to rice tungro disease in popular rice varieties in India by introgression of a transgene against Rice tungro bacilliform virus.

Rice crops in South and Southeast Asian countries suffer critical yield losses due to rice tungro disease caused by joint infection with rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). Previously, for generating RNA interference-based transgenic resistance against tungro viruses, RTBV ORF IV was used as a transgene to develop RTBV resistance in a popular high-yielding scented rice variety. The transgene from this line was then introgressed into five popular high-yielding but tungro-susceptible rice varieties by marker-assisted backcross breeding with a view to combine the resistant trait with the agronomic traits.

Enhancing the Mobilization of Native Phosphorus in the Mung Bean Rhizosphere Using ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Soil Fungi.

Phosphorus (P) is a limiting factor to plant growth and productivity in almost half of the world's arable soil, and its uptake in plants is often constrained because of its low solubility in the soil. To avoid repeated and large quantity application of rock phosphate as a P fertilizer and enhance the availability of native P acquisition by the plant root surface, in this study a biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticle was used. Zn acts as a cofactor for P-solubilizing enzymes such as phosphatase and phytase, and nano ZnO increased their activity between 84 and 108%.

TiO nanoparticle biosynthesis and its physiological effect on mung bean ( L.).

TiO nanoparticle (NPs) biosynthesis is a low cost, ecofriendly approach developed using the fungi TFR 7. To determine whether TiO NPs is suitable for nutrient, we conducted a two part study; biosynthesis of TiO NP and evaluates their influence on mung bean. The characterized TiO NPs were foliar sprayed at 10 mgL concentration on the leaves of 14 days old mung bean plants.

ZnO nanoparticles induced exopolysaccharide production by B. subtilis strain JCT1 for arid soil applications.

ZnO nanoparticle induced exopolysaccharide (EPS) production from Bacillus subtilis strain JCT1 (NCBI GenBank Accession No. JN194187) is a novel approach for arid soil applications. In the series of investigations, environmentally benign protocol was followed for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using extracellular enzymes obtained from Aspergillus fumigatus TFR8.

A biomimetic approach towards synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles.

Using natural processes as inspiration, the present study demonstrates a positive correlation between zinc metal tolerance ability of a soil fungus and its potential for the synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. A total of 19 fungal cultures were isolated from the rhizospheric soils of plants naturally growing at a zinc mine area in India and identified on the genus, respectively the species level. Aspergillus aeneus isolate NJP12 has been shown to have a high zinc metal tolerance ability and a potential for extracellular synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles under ambient conditions.

The large intergenic region of Rice tungro bacilliform virus evolved differentially among geographically distinguished isolates.

Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) is a plant pararetrovirus. The large intergenic region (LIGR) of RTBV having a single transcriptional promoter produces more than genome length pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) which directs synthesis of circular double-stranded viral DNA and serves as a polycistronic mRNA. By computer-aided analysis of LIGR, the 11 RTBV isolates sequenced so far were compared with respect to structural organization of promoter and pgRNA 5'-leader.

Phylogenetic analysis of Rice tungro bacilliform virus ORFs revealed strong correlation between evolution and geographical distribution.

A new isolate of Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) was collected from Chinsura, West Bengal, India. The full genome was sequenced and deposited to GenBank designating the new one as Chinsura isolate. The four open reading frames (ORFs) of the new isolate were compared with those of previously reported 'South-east Asian' (SEA) and 'South Asian' (SA) isolates emphasizing the ORF3, which is the largest and functionally most important gene of RTBV.

Extracellular biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Aspergillus flavus NJP08: a mechanism perspective.

The present study demonstrates an eco-friendly and low cost protocol for synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the cell-free filtrate of Aspergillus flavus NJP08 when supplied with aqueous silver (Ag+) ions. Identification of the fungal isolate was based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) identities. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the formation of spherical metallic silver nanoparticles.

Biological detection and analysis of toxicity of organophosphate- and azadirachtin-based insecticides in Lathyrus sativus L.

In this study, attention was paid to investigate the effect of organophosphate insecticides, profenofos 40% EC, methyl parathion (metacid) 50% EC, and neem-based product nimbecidine 0.03% EC (from Azadirachta indica) on somatic chromosomal behavior, level of leaf protein, and activity of antioxidant enzymes in Lathyrus sativus L., the leguminous herb.

Ability of Emericella rugulosa to mobilize unavailable P compounds during Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] crop under arid condition.

Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms are ubiquitous in soils and could play an important role in supplying P to plants where plant unavailable P content in soil was more. A phosphatase and phytase producing fungus Emericella rugulosa was isolated and tested under field condition (Pearl millet as a test crop) in a loamy sand soil. In the experimental soil 68% organic phosphorous was present as phytin; less than 1% of phosphorous was present in a plant available form.

Eating epilepsy: a study of twenty cases.

Twenty cases of eating epilepsy have been studied over a period of 5 years (1985-1989). Males outnumbered females (4:1). Heavy meal comprising conventional Indian diet (viz, rice, vegetables, etc), was found to be the most important provocating factor (14 out of 20 cases).

Phosphatase production by microorganisms isolated from diverse types of soils.

Qualitative and quantitative nature of phosphatases produced by various fungal, bacterial, and actinomycetes isolates from diverse soils was examined. Soil fungi, particularly those belonging to the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium, were found to be most effective in producing phosphatases intra- and extracellularly. None of the 16 bacterial isolates produced acid phosphatase, but most of them did produce neutral phosphatase.