Pediatric Emergency Department and Primary Care Provider Attitudes on Assessing Childhood Adversity.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand pediatric emergency department (ED) and primary care (PC) health care provider attitudes and beliefs regarding the intersection between childhood adversities and health care.

Methods: We conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews in 2 settings (ED and PC) within an urban health care system. Purposive sampling was used to balance the sample among 3 health care provider roles.

Emergency department epidemiology of pneumococcal bacteremia in children since the institution of widespread PCV7 vaccination.

Background: The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has produced a shift in the epidemiology of invasive infections from Streptoccoccus pneumoniae.

Objective: Our aim was to determine the temporal changes in pneumococcal bacteremia (Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia [SPB]) in the emergency department (ED) since the introduction of PCV7.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of children 0-18 years with SPB evaluated from 1998-2009 in a tertiary-care pediatric ED.

Etiology of meningitis among patients admitted to a tertiary referral hospital in Botswana.

This retrospective review evaluated records of cerebrospinal fluid samples between 2000 and 2008 at Princess Marina Hospital in Gaborone, Botswana. Of the 7501 cerebrospinal fluid samples reviewed, Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 125) and Haemophilus influenzae (n = 60) were the most common bacteria cultured. There were also 1018 cryptococcal and 44 tuberculous meningitis cases.