Pervasiveness and clinical staff perceptions of HPV vaccination feedback.

Objectives: This study describes the use of data-based feedback, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates, to advance HPV vaccination uptake in pediatric and family medicine clinics.

Study Design: A survey of primary care clinical staff in the US who provided HPV vaccination to children aged 9 to 12 years (N = 2527; response rate, 57%).

Methods: The primary outcome was a mutually exclusive categorical variable that described the type of quality metrics for which providers received feedback in the past year: HPV vaccine, other pediatric vaccinations, other quality metrics, or none.

Conceptualizing vaccine champions from an implementation science perspective: Findings from a national survey of primary care health professionals.

Objective: Clinical champions are healthcare professionals who help their colleagues improve the delivery of evidence-based care. Because little is known about champions working in the context of adolescent vaccination, we sought to identify vaccine champion roles among primary care health professionals (PCHPs).

Methods: In 2022, we surveyed 2527 US PCHPs who serve adolescents.

The Role of Harm Visibility for Pictorial Health Warning Labels on Cigars.

Introduction: Pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) can communicate the harms of tobacco product use, yet little research exists for cigars. We sought to identify the most effective types of images to pair with newly developed cigar HWLs.

Aims And Methods: In September 2021, we conducted an online survey experiment with US adults who reported using little cigars, cigarillos, or large cigars in the past 30 days (n = 753).

Identifying effective vaccine champions: Findings from a national survey of primary care professionals.

Background: Vaccine champions are common in primary care, but little is known about which champions are effective.

Methods: In 2022, we surveyed 2,144 US primary care professionals (PCPs) who reported working with vaccine champions. Respondents rated the champion with whom they worked most closely on their effectiveness at improving vaccination rates.

Who are vaccine champions and what implementation strategies do they use to improve adolescent HPV vaccination? Findings from a national survey of primary care professionals.

Background: Implementation science researchers often cite clinical champions as critical to overcoming organizational resistance and other barriers to the implementation of evidence-based health services, yet relatively little is known about who champions are or how they effect change. To inform future efforts to identify and engage champions to support HPV vaccination, we sought to describe the key characteristics and strategies of vaccine champions working in adolescent primary care.

Methods: In 2022, we conducted a national survey with a web-based panel of 2527 primary care professionals (PCPs) with a role in adolescent HPV vaccination (57% response rate).

How pictorial warnings change parents' purchases of sugar-sweetened beverage for their children: mechanisms of impact.

Background: Pictorial health warnings on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a promising policy for preventing diet-related disease in children. A recent study found that pictorial warnings reduced parents' purchases of SSBs for their children by 17%. However, the psychological mechanisms through which warnings affect parental behavior remain unknown.

Optimising messages and images for e-cigarette warnings.

Background: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) to have a single addiction warning, but many other health harms are associated with vaping and warnings grow stale over time. We aimed to develop new warning messages and images to discourage e-cigarette use.

Methods: Participants were 1629 US adults who vaped or smoked.

Framing of national HPV vaccine recommendations and willingness to recommend at ages 9-10.

Proactive HPV vaccination at age 9 better prevents infection and improves vaccine series completion. Because national organizations recommend starting the vaccine at different ages, we sought to understand the impact of these recommendation frames. In 2022, we surveyed 2,527 US clinical staff (45% physicians) who provide HPV vaccine for children.

Effect of Cigarette Constituent Messages With Engagement Text on Intention to Quit Smoking Among Adults Who Smoke Cigarettes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is required to communicate the risks of tobacco constituents to the public. Few studies have addressed how FDA media campaigns can effectively communicate about cigarette smoke constituents.

Objective: To examine whether messages about cigarette smoke constituents are effective in reducing smoking intentions and behaviors among adults who smoke.

E-cigarette availability, price promotions and marketing at the point-of sale in the contiguous United States (2014-2015): National estimates and multilevel correlates.

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) sales and use have increased rapidly, yet point-of-sale e-cigarette availability and marketing is understudied. We estimated changes in e-cigarette availability and marketing among tobacco retailers in the U.S.

One-item susceptibility measure predicts waterpipe and little cigar/cigarillo uptake in a national sample of adolescents and young adults in the United States.

Introduction: Adolescents and young adults in the United States (US) are increasingly using non-cigarette tobacco products such as waterpipe (WP) and little cigars/cigarillos (LCC). One way to predict which non-user adolescents and young adults are most likely to use these products is through measuring their susceptibility or openness to using the products.

Methods: We conducted a national phone survey (baseline) and an internet survey (follow-up) of adolescents and young adults (ages 13-25 years), who, at baseline, had never used WP (N=1002) or LCC (N=990).

Are state-level income-based disparities in adult smoking declining?

The United States (US) has identified income-based disparities in smoking as a critical public health issue, but the extent to which these disparities are changing over time within states is not well documented. This study examined recent trends in current cigarette smoking in each state and the District of Columbia by self-reported annual household income. Data came from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a state-representative survey of US adults.

Neighborhood Disparities in the Availability, Advertising, Promotion, and Youth Appeal of Little Cigars and Cigarillos, United States, 2015.

Introduction: Between 2012 and 2016, sales of cigars increased by 29% in the United States. In small local studies, greater little cigar and cigarillo (LCC) availability and marketing has been documented in neighborhoods with a greater proportion of Hispanic or Latino and black residents, and near schools. This national study of cigarette retailers assesses whether LCC availability and marketing at the point of sale is associated with neighborhood racial, ethnic, income, and percent youth demographics.

An Eye Tracking Study of Anti-Smoking Messages on Toxic Chemicals in Cigarettes.

The US Food and Drug Administration is tasked with communicating information to the public about the harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke. Our study used eye tracking method to test the effectiveness of messages about the harmful chemicals in cigarettes smoke among adult smokers. A sample size of 211 current cigarette smokers viewed four communication messages that included: Health effects of a chemical in cigarette smoke and an image depicting the health effect.

Do Smokers Recall Source or Quitline on Cigarette Constituent Messages?

Objectives: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is required under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act to communicate the risks of tobacco use to the public. Little research exists about methods to communicate the constituents of tobacco in a media campaign. This research examines specific strategies to increase effectiveness of a media campaign for cigarette smoking adults about tobacco constituents by including engagement text about smoking cessation and FDA as the source of the campaign.

Receipt of direct tobacco mail/email coupons and coupon redemption: Demographic and socioeconomic disparities among adult smokers in the United States.

A key marketing strategy used by tobacco companies to lower tobacco product prices is the distribution of tobacco coupons via direct marketing channels such as mail or email. We analyzed data on adult smokers from Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study (n = 10,994) to examine the prevalence and correlates of coupon receipt via both channels, and associations with cigarette coupon redemption. Overall, 22% and 32% of smokers received tobacco coupons via email and mail, respectively, and 22% redeemed cigarette coupons.

Neighbourhood disparities in the price of the cheapest cigarettes in the USA.

Background: There is evidence that the cheapest cigarettes cost even less in neighbourhoods with higher proportions of youth, racial/ethnic minorities and low-income residents. This study examined the relationship between the price of the cheapest cigarette pack and neighbourhood demographics in a representative sample of tobacco retailers in the USA.

Methods: Data collectors recorded the price of the cheapest cigarette pack (regardless of brand) in 2069 retailers in 2015.

Tobacco Marketing at SNAP- and WIC-Authorized Retail Food Stores in the United States.

. Lower-income families in the United States are at increased risk for food insecurity and have higher rates of tobacco use. Many retailers accepting government food assistance benefits also sell tobacco products, whose marketing promotes smoking initiation and undermines quit attempts.

Adolescents' Aided Recall of Targeted and Non-Targeted Tobacco Communication Campaigns in the United States.

We examined whether advertisements from two national tobacco control campaigns targeting adolescents (i.e., , ) and one campaign targeting adults (i.

Disparities in retail marketing for menthol cigarettes in the United States, 2015.

This study describes retail marketing for menthol cigarettes and its relationship with neighborhood demographics in a national sample of tobacco retailers in the United States. Mixed-effects models were used to examine three outcomes: menthol cigarette exterior advertising, menthol cigarette price promotions, and the pack price of menthol and non-menthol cigarettes. Thirty-eight percent of retailers displayed at least one menthol advertisement on the store exterior and 69% advertised price promotions.

Linkages between Resources, Motivation, and Engagement in Everyday Activities.

The goal of this research was to examine the linkage between personal resources, intrinsic motivation, and participation in everyday activities. It was hypothesized the reductions in resources in later life will be associated with reduced motivation to engage in cognitively demanding activities, leading to reduction in participation in such activities in everyday life. To test this, we utilized data from the 2010 and 2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Survey.

The effect of cigarillo packaging elements on young adult perceptions of product flavor, taste, smell, and appeal.

Introduction: Product packaging has long been used by the tobacco industry to target consumers and manipulate product perceptions. This study examines the extent to which cigarillo packaging influences perceptions of product flavor, taste, smell, and appeal.

Methods: A web-based experiment was conducted among young adults.

Optimizing Tailored Communications for Health Risk Assessment: A Randomized Factorial Experiment of the Effects of Expectancy Priming, Autonomy Support, and Exemplification.

Background: Health risk assessments with tailored feedback plus health education have been shown to be effective for promoting health behavior change. However, there is limited evidence to guide the development and delivery of online automated tailored feedback.

Objective: The goal of this study was to optimize tailored feedback messages for an online health risk assessment to promote enhanced user engagement, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions for engaging in healthy behaviors.

Public Knowledge and Credibility Perceptions of the FDA as a Tobacco Regulator.

Introduction: Since the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was granted regulatory authority over tobacco products in 2009, few studies have examined perceived credibility of the FDA in this role.