Functional Mitral Regurgitation: Imaging Insights, Clinical Outcomes and Surgical Principles.

Functional mitral regurgitation (MR; FMR) is the most common type of MR and its development is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Leaflet tethering with apical shift of the papillary muscle due to adverse left ventricular remodeling and loss of normal leaflet coaptation is the principal mechanism of FMR. Echocardiography plays a central role in the assessment of the FMR.

Development of a functional analytical nurse observation chart (FANOC).

Background: There has been little evaluation or development of nurse observation charts on psychiatric in-patient units since they were first introduced.

Aim: We aimed to develop a new nursing chart that adds a functional and contextual assessment of the observed behaviour. We describe its initial evaluation in an in-patient setting.