A Blast From the Past: Toxoplasmic Encephalitis As the Initial Presentation of HIV/AIDS.

Many opportunistic infections (OIs) seen early in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic receded in prevalence with the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Despite the availability of early detection and treatment of HIV as well as guidelines for near-universal screening, there remains a sizable population of individuals living with HIV who are not yet aware of their HIV status. These individuals are at risk for OIs such as toxoplasmosis, which would otherwise be preventable with ART and appropriate prophylaxis.

Moyamoya Disease Causing Stroke in the Setting of Cocaine Use and Uncontrolled Hypertension Due to Primary Hyperaldosteronism.

Moyamoya disease is a cerebrovascular disease characterized by stenosis of large intracranial arteries and the development of smaller collateral vessels. Moyamoya may cause strokes and stroke-like symptoms in young patients. It has also been linked to autoimmune diseases and neuropsychiatric conditions.

A Twisted Case Of Jaundice.

Diaphragmatic hernias (DH) may be congenital or acquired in origin. Those causing obstructive jaundice in the elderly are extremely rare but can occur. These patients may present with painless jaundice, early satiety, and weight loss due to biliary tract obstruction and stomach compression by the hernia.