A realist evaluation of the development of extended pharmacist roles and services in community pharmacies.

Background: Internationally, community pharmacy models of care have been moving away from a focus on dispensing to extended, clinically-focused roles for pharmacists.

Objectives: To identify how community pharmacy strategies were being implemented in Aotearoa New Zealand; how changes were expected to influence health and health system outcomes; what extended services were being delivered; the responses of pharmacists, other health professionals and consumers to these developments; and the contexts and mechanisms supporting the successful implementation of new community pharmacy services.

Methods: A realist evaluation methodology was employed, to explore a complex policy intervention.

Consumer alcohol exposure in supermarkets: legislatively adherent, but a societal problem.

Objective: The Sale and Supply of Alcohol Act 2012 came into force to promote the safe and responsible sale, supply, and consumption of alcohol in New Zealand. The Act was intended to minimise harm caused by excessive consumption of alcohol and reduce exposure to alcohol promotion. This study assessed supermarket adherence to sections 112-114 of the Act related to the display and advertisement of alcohol.