Preanalytical, analytical, and computational factors affect homeostasis model assessment estimates.

Objective: We investigated how beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity or resistance are affected by the type of blood sample collected or choice of insulin assay and homeostatis model assessment (HOMA) calculator (http://www.dtu.ox.

Relationship of liver enzymes to insulin sensitivity and intra-abdominal fat.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between plasma liver enzyme concentrations, insulin sensitivity, and intra-abdominal fat (IAF) distribution.

Research Design And Methods: Plasma gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, insulin sensitivity (insulin sensitivity index [S(I)]), IAF area, and subcutaneous fat (SCF) area were measured in 177 nondiabetic subjects (75 men and 102 women, aged 31-75 years) with no history of liver disease. On the basis of BMI (< or > or = 27.

Effect of CPAP on insulin resistance and HbA1c in men with obstructive sleep apnoea and type 2 diabetes.

Background: The effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) on insulin resistance are not clear. Trials have found conflicting results and no appropriate control groups have been used.

Methods: Forty-two men with known type 2 diabetes and newly diagnosed OSA (>10 dips/h in oxygen saturation of >4%) were randomised to receive therapeutic (n = 20) or placebo CPAP (n = 22) for 3 months.

Gestational diabetes mellitus increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in women with a family history of type 2 diabetes.

Objective: We sought to determine whether a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) further increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in parous women with first-degree relatives with type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Women with (n = 332) and without (n = 663) a history of GDM were compared regarding 1) the revised National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III metabolic syndrome criteria, 2) the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, and 3) self-reported CVD.

Results: Women with prior GDM were younger (48.

Severe hypoglycaemia in 1076 adult patients with type 1 diabetes: influence of risk markers and selection.

Background: Differences between studies in rates of severe hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetic cohorts are common and poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of severe hypoglycaemia in unselected patients treated in different secondary care centres and to evaluate the influence of risk markers, clinical setting and selection.

Methods: Cross-sectional Danish-British multicentre survey of 1076 consecutive adult patients with clinical type 1 diabetes who completed a detailed questionnaire on hypoglycaemia and related issues.

Use and abuse of HOMA modeling.

Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is a method for assessing beta-cell function and insulin resistance (IR) from basal (fasting) glucose and insulin or C-peptide concentrations. It has been reported in >500 publications, 20 times more frequently for the estimation of IR than beta-cell function. This article summarizes the physiological basis of HOMA, a structural model of steady-state insulin and glucose domains, constructed from physiological dose responses of glucose uptake and insulin production.