A retrospective analysis of a clinician-initiated high-intensity locomotor training implementation project in an inpatient rehabilitation facility.

Background: The Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy's Intensity Matters campaign recommends the implementation of high-intensity locomotor training for all patients with neurologic dysfunction with goals to improve walking.

Objective: Retrospectively determine the effectiveness of a clinician-initiated implementation project on the adoption, reach, and fidelity of high-intensity locomotor training for patients with stroke during inpatient rehabilitation and, determine whether the project led to changes in patient outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of electronic medical records from 1 year before and after the project.

Expression of sensitized β2 nAChR subunits in VTA neurons enhances intravenous nicotine self-administration in male rats.

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are important for nicotine reinforcement. To determine whether and to what extent these receptors are sufficient for nicotine reinforcement, we expressed β2Leu9'Ser (i.e.

Attitudes towards advance care planning amongst community-based older people in England.

Background: Advance care planning has been advocated as a way for people to have their wishes recorded and respected in relation to types of treatment and place of care. However, uptake in England remains low.

Aims: To examine the views of older, well, adults towards Advance Care Plans (ACPs) and planning for end-of-life care, in order to inform national policy decisions.

Multiaxial filament winding of biopolymer microfibers with a collagen resin binder for orthobiologic medical device biomanufacturing.

Multiaxial filament winding is an additive manufacturing technique used extensively in large industrial and military manufacturing yet unexplored for biomedical uses. This study adapts filament winding to biomanufacture scalable, strong, three-dimensional microfiber (3DMF) medical device implants for potential orthopedic applications. Polylactide microfiber filaments were wound through a collagen 'resin' bath to create organized, stable orthobiologic implants, which are sized for common ligament (e.

COVID Recovery Laparoscopic Simulation Program for Gynecological Registrars-Trainee Perceptions of Regional Model.

Study Objective: The acquisition of gynecological operating skills can be challenging for trainees given the conflicting demands of clinical work. Alternative models of surgical skill training such as laparoscopic simulation is, therefore, required. This study demonstrates the development of a regional gynecological surgery laparoscopic simulation program and trainee perceptions of such an approach.

β2* nAChR sensitivity modulates acquisition of cocaine self-administration in male rats.

Signaling through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) plays a role in cocaine reward and reinforcement, suggesting that the cholinergic system could be manipulated with therapeutics to modulate aspects of cocaine use disorder (CUD). We examined the interaction between nAChRs and cocaine reinforcement by expressing a hypersensitive β2 nAChR subunit (β2Leu9'Ser) in the ventral tegmental area of male Sprague Dawley rats. Compared to control rats, β2Leu9'Ser rats acquired (fixed ratio) intravenous cocaine self-administration faster and with greater likelihood.

High-intensity locomotor training during inpatient rehabilitation improves the discharge ambulation function of patients with stroke. A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the evidence of high-intensity locomotor training on outcomes related to gait and balance for patients with stroke in inpatient rehabilitation.

Methods: Four databases were searched (PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and MedLINE) for articles published prior to 13 June 2023. Studies of adults (>18 years old) with a diagnosis of stroke who received a high-intensity locomotor intervention while admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation facility were included.

Dry Needling for Subacromial Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

Objective: The authors of this systematic review with meta-analysis evaluated the evidence for the effectiveness of various applications of dry needling (DN) combined with other conservative treatments for subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS).

Methods: Six databases (PubMED, CINAHL, Biosis, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched after the study had been registered in PROSPERO. The authors included randomized clinical trials investigating the clinical effects of DN in combination with other conservative interventions for SAPS.

Effect of novel technology-enabled multidimensional physical activity feedback in primary care patients at risk of chronic disease - the MIPACT study: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Technological progress has enabled the provision of personalised feedback across multiple dimensions of physical activity that are important for health. Whether this multidimensional approach supports physical activity behaviour change has not yet been examined. Our objective was to examine the effectiveness of a novel digital system and app that provided multidimensional physical activity feedback combined with health trainer support in primary care patients identified as at risk of chronic disease.

Public responses to volunteer community care: Propositions for old age and end of life.

Background: Funding shortages and an ageing population have increased pressures on state or insurance funded end of life care for older people. Across the world, policy debate has arisen about the potential role volunteers can play, working alongside health and social care professionals in the community to support and care for the ageing and dying.

Aims: The authors examined self-reported levels of care for the elderly by the public in England, and public opinions of community volunteering concepts to care for the elderly at the end of life.

Stride management assist exoskeleton vs functional gait training in stroke: A randomized trial.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that gait training with a hip-assistive robotic exoskeleton improves clinical outcomes and strengthens the descending corticospinal drive to the lower limb muscles in persons with chronic stroke.

Methods: Fifty participants completed the randomized, single-blind, parallel study. Participants received over-ground gait training with the Honda Stride Management Assist (SMA) exoskeleton or intensity-matched functional gait training, delivered in 18 sessions over 6-8 weeks.

The effect of 'smart' financial incentives on driving behaviour of novice drivers.

Recent studies have demonstrated that financial incentives can improve driving behaviour but high-value incentives are unlikely to be cost-effective and attempts to amplify the impact of low-value incentives have so far proven disappointing. The present study provides experimental evidence to inform the design of 'smart' and potentially more cost-effective incentives for safe driving in novice drivers. Study participants (n = 78) were randomised to one of four financial incentives: high-value penalty; low-value penalty; high-value reward; low-value reward; allowing us to compare high-value versus low-value incentives, penalties versus rewards, and to test specific hypotheses regarding motivational crowding out and gain/loss asymmetry.

Effect of Antidepressant Switching vs Augmentation on Remission Among Patients With Major Depressive Disorder Unresponsive to Antidepressant Treatment: The VAST-D Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Less than one-third of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) achieve remission with their first antidepressant.

Objective: To determine the relative effectiveness and safety of 3 common alternate treatments for MDD.

Design, Setting, And Participants: From December 2012 to May 2015, 1522 patients at 35 US Veterans Health Administration medical centers who were diagnosed with nonpsychotic MDD, unresponsive to at least 1 antidepressant course meeting minimal standards for treatment dose and duration, participated in the study.

The incidence of and risk factors for a repeat obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) in the vaginal birth subsequent to a first episode of OASIS: a hospital-based cohort study.

Purpose: To identify the incidence of and risk factors for a repeat obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) in women who sustained an OASIS in their first vaginal delivery and have a subsequent vaginal birth.

Methods: Data were collected retrospectively for women having had singleton cephalic presentation vaginal deliveries between 2007 and 2015. Women with breech deliveries, stillbirths, foetal congenital abnormalities and multiple pregnancies were excluded.

The effects of feedback and incentive-based insurance on driving behaviours: study approach and protocols.

Background: Road injury is the leading cause of death for young people, with human error a contributing factor in many crash events. This research is the first experimental study to examine the extent to which direct feedback and incentive-based insurance modifies a driver's behaviour. The study applies in-vehicle telematics and will link the information obtained from the technology directly to personalised safety messaging and personal injury and property damage insurance premiums.

Adolescent self-harm in the community: an update on prevalence using a self-report survey of adolescents aged 13-18 in England.

Background: To establish an estimate of prevalence in a nationally representative sample of community adolescents. To examine associations between self-harm and wellbeing.

Methods: An anonymous self-report survey completed by 2000 adolescents aged 13-18 years across England.

Multidimensional individualised Physical ACTivity (Mi-PACT)--a technology-enabled intervention to promote physical activity in primary care: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Low physical activity is a major public health problem. New cost-effective approaches that stimulate meaningful long-term changes in physical activity are required, especially within primary care settings. It is becoming clear that there are various dimensions to physical activity with independent health benefits.

Quetiapine for the treatment of cocaine use disorder.

Background: Cocaine addiction continues to be a significant healthcare issue, yet there are no FDA approved medications for the treatment of cocaine use disorder within the United States.

Methods: This 12-week, prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study examined the effectiveness of quetiapine (Seroquel XR™) versus matched placebo for the treatment of DSM-IV cocaine dependence in non-psychotic individuals. Subjects randomized to quetiapine (N = 29) were titrated up to a target dose of 400mg/day of quetiapine, while those in the placebo arm (N = 31) were given a matched placebo.

The utility of the Dementia Severity Rating Scale in differentiating mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease from controls.

The current study investigated the utility of the Dementia Severity Rating Scale (DSRS) total score to identify individuals at the earliest stage of impairment (ie, mild cognitive impairment/MCI). In addition, the authors sought to investigate how well the measure correlates with an expanded battery of cognitive tests and other measures of functional abilities. Of the 320 participants included in this study, 85 were normal controls, 96 had single-domain or multiple-domain amnestic MCI, and 139 had possible or probable Alzheimer disease (AD).

Wheels, skills and thrills: a social marketing trial to reduce aggressive driving from young men in deprived areas.

Young men from poorer backgrounds are associated with high road traffic collision levels. However, solving this problem has proven very difficult. Hence this paper summarises the findings of a UK government funded two-year trial of a cross-discipline intervention to reduce aggressive driving amongst this group.

Mastermind mutations generate a unique constellation of midline cells within the Drosophila CNS.

Background: The Notch pathway functions repeatedly during the development of the central nervous system in metazoan organisms to control cell fate and regulate cell proliferation and asymmetric cell divisions. Within the Drosophila midline cell lineage, which bisects the two symmetrical halves of the central nervous system, Notch is required for initial cell specification and subsequent differentiation of many midline lineages.

Methodology/principal Findings: Here, we provide the first description of the role of the Notch co-factor, mastermind, in the central nervous system midline of Drosophila.

Concomitant psychotropic medication use during treatment of schizophrenia patients: longitudinal results from the CATIE study.

Objective: This study is a post hoc analysis of additions of antidepressants, anxiolytics, and sedative/hypnotics in treatment of patients randomized to antipsychotic treatment in the CATIE study, which recruited a chronic, "real world" schizophrenia sample and followed patients for up to eighteen months. We examined baseline predictors of initiation, time until initiation, and duration of treatment with antidepressants, anxiolytics, and sedative/hypnotics in CATIE study participants.

Methods: Psychotropic medication use by 1,449 CATIE study participants was documented at each study visit.

Evaluating the twin testosterone transfer hypothesis: a review of the empirical evidence.

In this paper we review the evidence that fetuses gestated with a male co-twin are masculinized in development, perhaps due to the influence of prenatal androgens: the so-called twin testosterone transfer (TTT) hypothesis. Evidence from studies of behavioral, perceptual, cognitive, morphological and physiological traits in same- and opposite-sex human twins is considered. Apart from two studies reporting increases in aspects of sensation-seeking for females with a male rather than a female co-twin, there is sparse evidence supporting the TTT hypothesis in behavioral studies.

Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) blocks apoptosis and promotes ionizing radiation-induced necrosis of freshly-isolated normal mouse spleen cells.

Ionizing radiation (IR) is a pro-oxidant that kills cells by both apoptotic and necrotic mechanisms. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) is a thiol-containing compound that may act either as a pro- or anti-oxidant depending on the experimental conditions. This study was designed to determine whether PDTC would reduce or enhance IR-induced cell death of freshly-isolated normal mouse B6/129 spleen cells (NMSC).

The manganese superoxide dismutase mimetic, M40403, protects adult mice from lethal total body irradiation.

Over-expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) protects tissues from radiation. M40403 is a stable non-peptidyl mimetic of MnSOD that crosses cell membranes and is effective in reducing experimental inflammation. Male BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.