The early transition to cold-induced browning in mouse subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) involves proteins related to nerve remodeling, cytoskeleton, mitochondria, and immune cells.

White adipose tissue (WAT) is a dynamic organ capable of remodelling in response to metabolic state. For example, in response to stimuli such as cold exposure, WAT can develop inducible brown adipocytes ('browning') capable of non-shivering thermogenesis, through concurrent changes to mitochondrial content and function. This is aided by increased neurite outgrowth and angiogenesis across the tissue, providing the needed neurovascular supply for uncoupling protein 1 activation.

A replication study of a psychotherapy incorporating horses resiliency intervention for healthcare workers.

Objectives: The first aim of this pilot observational study was to replicate a previous study of a resiliency psychotherapy incorporating horses (PIH) intervention for healthcare workers. The second aim was to address some gaps in the literature regarding equine-assisted services more broadly.

Design: Prospective open trial.

Factors limiting quantitative phase retrieval in atomic-resolution differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy using a segmented detector.

Quantitative differential phase contrast imaging of materials in atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy using segmented detectors is limited by various factors, including coherent and incoherent aberrations, detector positioning and uniformity, and scan-distortion. By comparing experimental case studies of monolayer and few-layer graphene with image simulations, we explore which parameters require the most precise characterisation for reliable and quantitative interpretation of the reconstructed phases. Coherent and incoherent lens aberrations are found to have the most significant impact.

Accuracy and precision of thickness determination from position-averaged convergent beam electron diffraction patterns using a single-parameter metric.

Position-averaged convergent beam electron diffraction patterns are formed by averaging the transmission diffraction pattern while scanning an atomically-fine electron probe across a sample. Visual comparison between experimental and simulated patterns is increasingly being used for sample thickness determination. We explore automating the comparison via a simple sum square difference metric.

Composition measurement in substitutionally disordered materials by atomic resolution energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in scanning transmission electron microscopy.

The increasing use of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy invites the question of whether its success in precision composition determination at lower magnifications can be replicated in the atomic resolution regime. In this paper, we explore, through simulation, the prospects for composition measurement via the model system of AlGaAs, discussing the approximations used in the modelling, the variability in the signal due to changes in configuration at constant composition, and the ability to distinguish between different compositions. Results are presented in such a way that the number of X-ray counts, and thus the expected variation due to counting statistics, can be gauged for a range of operating conditions.

Low magnification differential phase contrast imaging of electric fields in crystals with fine electron probes.

To correlate atomistic structure with longer range electric field distribution within materials, it is necessary to use atomically fine electron probes and specimens in on-axis orientation. However, electric field mapping via low magnification differential phase contrast imaging under these conditions raises challenges: electron scattering tends to reduce the beam deflection due to the electric field strength from what simple models predict, and other effects, most notably crystal mistilt, can lead to asymmetric intensity redistribution in the diffraction pattern which is difficult to distinguish from that produced by long range electric fields. Using electron scattering simulations, we explore the effects of such factors on the reliable interpretation and measurement of electric field distributions.

Energy dispersive X-ray analysis on an absolute scale in scanning transmission electron microscopy.

We demonstrate absolute scale agreement between the number of X-ray counts in energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy using an atomic-scale coherent electron probe and first-principles simulations. Scan-averaged spectra were collected across a range of thicknesses with precisely determined and controlled microscope parameters. Ionization cross-sections were calculated using the quantum excitation of phonons model, incorporating dynamical (multiple) electron scattering, which is seen to be important even for very thin specimens.

Genetic epidemiology of Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari: Sarcoptidae) in northern Australia.

Utilising three hypervariable microsatellite markers we have previously shown that scabies mites on people are genetically distinct from those on dogs in sympatric populations in northern Australia. This had important ramifications on the formulation of public health control policies. In contrast phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial markers on scabies mites infecting multiple animal hosts elsewhere in the world could not differentiate any genetic variation between mite haplotype and host species.

Permethrin-resistant human head lice, Pediculus capitis, and their treatment.

Objective: To compare the pediculicidal activity of Ovide lotion and its active ingredient, 0.5% malathion, with Nix and its active ingredient, 1% permethrin, in permethrin-resistant head lice.

Design: In vitro pediculicidal product and active ingredient comparison.

Dermatophytosis in Vietnam.

Professor Taplin describes his experiments producing clinical lesions with 2 endemic dermatophytes encountered in Vietnam during the Vietnam War: the human-adapted Trichophyton raubitschekii, possibly a regional form of Trichophyton rubrum that was causing chronic tinea corporis in the Vietnamese, and a zoophilic Trichophyton mentagrophytes that caused highly inflammatory ringworm in the previously unexposed American soldiers. (This particular T mentagrophytes was also the fungus studied by Dr. Jones.

Genetically distinct dog-derived and human-derived Sarcoptes scabiei in scabies-endemic communities in northern Australia.

Overcrowding is a significant factor contributing to endemic infection with Sarcoptes scabiei in human and animal populations. However, since scabies mites from different host species are indistinguishable morphologically, it is unclear whether people can be infected from scabies-infested animals. Molecular fingerprinting was done using three S.

Age, renal perfusion and function in island-dwelling indigenous Kuna Amerinds of Panama.

Background/aims: Among possible contributors to a progressive fall in renal perfusion and function with increasing age, some hypotheses have invoked the rise in blood pressure that occurs with age, and a high-protein diet typical of urban cultures. Kuna Amerinds residing in isolated islands off the Panamanian Coast have a very low protein intake and show no tendency for blood pressure to rise with age, thus providing an opportunity to test these hypotheses.

Methods: We measured renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate (PAH and inulin clearance) in 16 Kuna Indians ranging in age from 18 to 86 years (51 +/- 6 years) who have resided on Ailigandi, an isolated Panamanian island for all of their lives.

Isolation, amplification, and sequencing of human mitochondrial DNA obtained from human crab louse, Pthirus pubis (L.), blood meals.

The ability to identify individual human hosts based on analyses of blood recovered from the digestive tract of hematophagous arthropods has been a long-term pursuit in both medical and forensic entomology. Blood meal individualization techniques can bring important advancements to studies of vector-borne disease epidemiology. Forensically, these analyses may aid in assailant identification in violent crime cases where blood-feeding insects or their excreta are recovered from victims or at crime scenes.

Treatment of HIV-related scabies with emphasis on the efficacy of ivermectin.

Since the mid-1980s, worldwide reports confirm that scabies in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) result in a wide range of-clinical manifestations which differ from those seen in immunocompetent patients. There is also general agreement that HIV-related scabies is more difficult to treat. Oral ivermectin has been shown in several countries to be a safe and effective therapy.

Aging, acculturation, salt intake, and hypertension in the Kuna of Panama.

The indigenous Kuna who live on islands in the Panamanian Caribbean were among the first communities described with little age-related rise in blood pressure or hypertension. Our goals in this study were to ascertain whether isolated island-dwelling Kuna continue to show this pattern, whether migration to Panama City and its environs changed the patterns, and whether the island-dwelling Kuna have maintained their normal blood pressure levels despite partial acculturation, reflected in an increased salt intake. We enrolled 316 Kuna participants who ranged in age from 18 to 82 years.

The treatment of scabies with ivermectin.

Background: Ivermectin is an anthelmintic agent that has been a safe, effective treatment for onchocerciasis (river blindness) when given in a single oral dose of 150 to 200 micrograms per kilogram of body weight. Anecdotal reports of improvement in patients who suffered from infestation with the mite Sarcoptes scabiei suggest that the ectoparasitic disease scabies might be treated with ivermectin.

Methods: We conducted an open-label study in which ivermectin was administered in a single oral dose of 200 micrograms per kilogram to 11 otherwise healthy patients with scabies and to 11 patients with scabies who were also infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 7 of whom had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Identification of host DNA by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis: preliminary analysis of human crab louse (Anoplura: Pediculidae) excreta.

The ability to identify individual hosts of hematophagous arthropods via bloodmeal analyses is a continuing pursuit in both medical and forensic entomology. Characterization of human DNA from blood-feeding arthropods has been advanced substantially by preparation techniques, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Successful application of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AMP-FLP) analysis to excreta obtained from adult crab lice, Pthirus pubis (L.

Seabather's eruption. Clinical, histologic, and immunologic features.

Background: Seabather's eruption (SE) is a highly pruritic eruption under swimwear that occurs after bathing in the ocean. Its cause has been unknown. Few data have been collected since the classic description by Sams in 1949.

Community control of scabies: a model based on use of permethrin cream.

For 18 years treatment with lindane or crotamiton products has failed to stem the epidemic of scabies among the Kuna Indians in the San Blas islands of the Republic of Panama. Permethrin 5% cream was introduced as the only treatment in a programme to control scabies on an island of 756 inhabitants and involving workers recruited locally. Prevalence fell from 33% to less than 1% after every person was treated.

Comparison of crotamiton 10% cream (Eurax) and permethrin 5% cream (Elimite) for the treatment of scabies in children.

Permethrin 5% cream (Elimite) was approved as a treatment for scabies by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in September 1989.