White matter hyperintensities and headache in United States military veterans with mild traumatic brain injury.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the association between white matter hyperintensities and migraine-like headache in United States military veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury.

Background: White matter hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be associated with migraine; however, little is currently known about the relationship between white matter hyperintensities and headache following mild traumatic brain injury in military veterans.

Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of a retrospective chart review of veterans from a Southeastern Department of Veterans Affairs polytrauma clinic who had a verified history of mild traumatic brain injury.

Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Protects Cerebral Cortical Neurons from Soluble Aβ-Induced Synaptic Damage.

Soluble amyloid β (Aβ)-induced synaptic dysfunction is an early event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that precedes the deposition of insoluble Aβ and correlates with the development of cognitive deficits better than the number of plaques. The mammalian plasminogen activation (PA) system catalyzes the generation of plasmin via two activators: tissue-type (tPA) and urokinase-type (uPA). A dysfunctional tPA-plasmin system causes defective proteolytic degradation of Aβ plaques in advanced stages of AD.