Clinical Implication of Time of Ischaemic Stroke Among Post-Stroke Survivors from Eastern India: A Circadian Perspective.

The circadian variation in stroke occurrence is a well-documented phenomenon. However, the circadian effect on stroke outcome, particularly on post-stroke cognition, has not yet been fully elucidated. We aim to evaluate the influence of diurnal variation of stroke onset upon post-stroke cognition and development of post-stroke depression.

Arg4810Lys mutation in RNF213 among Eastern Indian non-MMD ischemic stroke patients: a genotype-phenotype correlation.

Introduction: RNF213 mutations have been reported mostly in moyamoya disease (MMD) with varying frequencies across different ethnicities. However, its prevalence in non-MMD adult-onset ischemic stroke is still not well explored.

Aims And Objectives: This present study thus aims to screen the most common RNF213 variant (Arg4810Lys, among East Asians) in the Eastern Indian non-MMD ischemic stroke patients and correlate it with long-term progression and prognosis of the patients.

Interdependence of metals and its binding proteins in Parkinson's disease for diagnosis.

Metalloproteins utilizes cellular metals which plays a crucial function in brain that linked with neurodegenerative disorders. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects geriatric population world-wide. Twenty-four metal-binding protein networks were investigated to identify key regulating protein hubs in PD blood and brain.

PARK2 and PARK7 Gene Polymorphisms as Risk Factors Associated with Serum Element Concentrations and Clinical Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.

Besides clinical and imaging techniques, there is a lack of molecular makers for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). There is an immense need to develop biomarkers associated with the phenotypes which may be valuable for individualized treatment. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (PARK2: Ser167Asn (G>A) and Val380Leu (G>C); PARK7: IVS4 + 46G>A and IVS4 + 30T>G) in PD-related genes were examined to elucidate its relationship with concentration of serum elements and clinical symptoms of PD.

Metallomic Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal fluid and Serum in patients with Parkinson's disease in Indian population.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with the absence of markers for diagnosis. Several studies on PD reported the elements imbalance in biofluids as biomarkers. However, their results remained inconclusive.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice in relation to stroke: A community-based study from Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Background: The rising incidence of stroke in India indicates the importance of evaluating the existing knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) in the community, which is essential for stroke control.

Objective: To explore and compare stroke-related KAP among participants from stroke-affected families (SAFs) and nonstroke-affected families (NSFs).

Design: Using stratified random sampling, a three-phase house-to-house survey was conducted in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Epidemiology of dementia and its burden in the city of Kolkata, India.

Objectives: Increase in aging population is expected to lead to increasing prevalence of dementia in India. In this study, we aimed to determine prevalence, incidence, and mortality of dementia and its subtypes and assess dementia burden in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALY).

Methods: A community study was conducted over 5 years (2003-2008) in Kolkata, India, on 100,802 (males 53,209) randomly selected subjects to assess prevalence and capture data on incident cases and deaths.

Fifty years of stroke researches in India.

Currently, the stroke incidence in India is much higher than Western industrialized countries. Large vessel intracranial atherosclerosis is the commonest cause of ischemic stroke in India. The common risk factors, that is, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and dyslipidemia are quite prevalent and inadequately controlled; mainly because of poor public awareness and inadequate infrastructure.

Correlates of functional outcome among stroke survivors in a developing country--a prospective community-based study from India.

Stroke survivors (SS) are rising with higher incidence of stroke in developing countries. In addition to physical impairment, other factors such as cognition, social interaction, and depression determine the functional outcome after stroke. Considering the paucity of data from developing countries, we planned to determine the change in various functional parameters among SS.

Refractory epilepsy.

Refractory Epilepsy (R.E.) is a condition where all antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) fail to provide adequate seizure control.

Dementia and cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease from India: a 7-year prospective study.

Depression and cognitive impairment are frequent manifestations in Parkinson's disease (PD). Although a few longitudinal studies have reported on depression and dementia in PD, there is a yet a lack of such studies in India. This 7-year longitudinal study is a hospital-based prospective case (n = 250)-control (n = 280) study.

Congestive myelopathy (Foix-Alajouanine Syndrome) due to intradural arteriovenous fistula of the filum terminale fed by anterior spinal artery: Case report and review of literature.

Spinal arteriovenous fistulas are rare entities. They often present with congestive myelopathy but are infrequently diagnosed as the cause of the patients' symptoms. Only one such case has been described previously in Indian literature.

Depression among stroke survivors: a community-based, prospective study from Kolkata, India.

Objective: Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a disabling entity among stroke survivors (SS). Longitudinal studies on PSD, essential to determine its prognosis, are lacking from developing countries. This prospective study was undertaken to assess the prevalence, natural history, and correlates of depression among SS in an Indian community.

Disease burden of stroke in Kolkata, India: derivation of disability-adjusted life years by a direct method.

Background/aims: The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is a new time-based measure of disease burden incorporating both disability and mortality. Our study aims to determine the DALYs lost due to stroke using a direct methodology and the implications.

Methods: A population-based, house-to-house, 2-stage, prospective study on stroke was conducted over 7 years in Kolkata, India, on 100,802 randomly selected subjects to capture the incident cases of first-ever stroke and those with fatal stroke.

Cognitive dysfunction in stroke survivors: a community-based prospective study from Kolkata, India.

The frequency of cognitive dysfunction among community stroke survivors (SS) is not known in India. This prospective study investigated the prevalence of poststroke mild cognitive impairment (psMCI) and poststroke dementia (psDem), the annual progression rate to dementia, and pertinent risk factors in a sample population of SS in Kolkata, India between September 2006 and July 2010. From a community-based stroke registry, 281 SS were assessed at baseline year after excluding attrition due to various causes.

Evaluating intra-genetic variants of DJ-1 among Parkinson's disease patients of eastern India.

Objectives: Mutations in the DJ-1 gene have been described in autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD) of European ancestry, Ashkenazi Jews, and Afro-Caribbean patients. Up to date, there is a lack of information about the prevalence of DJ-1 mutations among Indian PD patients.

Materials And Methods: In this study, we examined for DJ-1 mutations in Eastern Indian PD patients.

Environmental and familial risk factors of Parkinsons disease: case-control study.

Background: While the cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unknown, evidence suggests certain environmental factors, such as well water drinking, herbicides, pesticides exposure and neurotoxins, may trigger the chain of oxidative reactions culminating in the death of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra to cause Parkinsonism. To investigate the possible impact of environmental risk factors for idiopathic PD, a case-control study was performed in the Eastern India.

Methods: During the period from January 1st, 2006 and December 10th, 2009, 175 PD patients (140 men, 35 women) and 350 non-Parkinson age-sex matched controls were included in the study.

Burden among stroke caregivers: results of a community-based study from Kolkata, India.

Background And Purpose: Stroke causes significant caregiver (CG) stress, which is under-reported in India. This study assesses the financial, physical, psychological, and family burden on CG of stroke patients in an urban community.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey of stroke patients and CG were selected from a community-based registry using validated scales through face-to-face interviews.

A longitudinal study of epilepsy in Kolkata, India.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates of epilepsy in the city of Kolkata, India. This is the first such longitudinal study in a heterogeneous urban Indian population.

Methods: A two-stage door-to-door survey of a stratified random sample was undertaken within the municipal limits of Kolkata.

Absence of commonly reported leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 mutations in Eastern Indian Parkinson's disease patients.

Background: Pathogenic mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2; PARK8) encoding dardarin, implicated in patients with autosomal dominant and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) among different ethnic groups (Ashkenazi Jews, North African Arabs, Basques) might be of some help in diagnostic screening and genetic counseling.

Aim Of The Study: We investigated the seven common mutations spanning exons 31, 35, and 41 reported in the LRRK2 gene among Eastern Indian patients with PD.

Methods: Mutations R1441G, R1441C, R1441H, G2019S, Y1699C, I2020T, and I2012T were screened in 320 individuals (PD, 150 and controls, 170) by direct sequencing.

Deletional mutations of dystrophin gene and carrier detection in eastern India.

Objective: To determine the pattern of deletions of the dystrophin gene, the major class of mutations among the Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy patients of eastern India and to analyze the carrier frequency of the female members of the proband's family.

Methods: Deletional mutations occurring in patients have been characterized by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Carrier state of mothers and sisters of probands were analyzed by either of two methods: 1) typing polymorphic short tandem repeat markers in or around the regions of deletion, by radioactive polymerase chain reaction and 2) quantitative real time amplification of the region of deletion.