Awareness of Smoking as a Risk Factor in Bladder Cancer: Results from the Prospective FinnBladder 9 Trial.

Background: Data regarding patient education and smoking habits among bladder cancer patients are scarce.

Objective: To investigate awareness of smoking as a risk factor for bladder cancer among bladder cancer patients.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This is a substudy of a prospective, randomized, multicenter phase 3 trial (FinnBladder 9, NCT01675219).

Symptoms and diagnostic delays in bladder cancer with high risk of recurrence: results from a prospective FinnBladder 9 trial.

Purpose: To investigate the symptoms and delays in the clinical pathway of bladder cancer (BC).

Methods: This is a substudy of a prospective, randomized, multicenter phase III study (FinnBladder 9, NCT01675219) where the efficacy of photodynamic diagnosis and 6 weekly optimized mitomycin C instillations are studied in pTa bladder cancer with high risk for recurrence. The data of presenting symptoms and critical time points were prospectively collected, and the effect of factors on delays was analyzed.

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Does Not Increase the Morbidity of Radical Cystectomy: A 10-year Retrospective Nationwide Study.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is underutilized in the treatment of bladder cancer (BC).

Objective: To investigate the effect of NAC on the risk of surgical complications for radical cystectomy (RC) in a population-based setting.

Design, Setting, And Participants: All radical cystectomies performed in Finland during 2005-2014 were included in the study.

Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Versus Combination of Epirubicin and Interferon-α2a in Reducing Recurrence of Non-Muscle-invasive Bladder Carcinoma: FinnBladder-6 Study.

Background: Patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) belonging to the intermediate-risk group should be treated with intravesical instillations to prevent recurrence and progression.

Objective: We compared the outcome of a monthly maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) regimen with that of epirubicin (EPI) and interferon-α2a (IFN) in patients with NMIBC.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Our prospective randomized multicenter study comprised 229 eligible patients with frequently recurrent TaT1 grade 1-2 or low-grade NMIBC enrolled between 1997 and 2008.

Promoting Children's Health with Digital Games: A Review of Reviews.

Effective, evidence-based, and interesting methods are needed for children's health promotion. Digital games can be such a method, but there is need for a summary of the evidence on the effectiveness of digital games in promoting children's health. The aim of this review of reviews was to evaluate the quality of systematic reviews, to summarize the evidence in systematic reviews and reviews related to the effectiveness of digital games in children's health promotion, and to identify gaps in knowledge.

Long-term outcome of patients with frequently recurrent non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma treated with one perioperative plus four weekly instillations of mitomycin C followed by monthly bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or alternating BCG and interferon-α2b instillations: prospective randomised FinnBladder-4 study.

Background: Recurrent TaT1 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients should be treated with immediate instillation of chemotherapy after transurethral resection of bladder tumour followed by instillation therapy.

Objective: To present long-term results of a study exploring the effect of initial mitomycin C (MMC) instillations followed by two types of immunotherapy for patients with frequently recurring NMIBC.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Between 1992 and 1996, 236 patients with frequently recurring TaT1 grade 1-2 NMIBC were enrolled in the prospective randomised multicentre FinnBladder-4 study.

Safety and long-term results of endoscopic transanal resection in treating rectal adenomas: 15 years' experience.

Background: Endoscopic transanal resection (ETAR) is a scarcely used technique to treat large or sessile rectal adenomas not amenable to polypectomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate safety and long-term results of ETAR in treating rectal adenomas in three hospitals over 15 years.

Methods: Patients who underwent ETAR during 1996-2010 were retrospectively analyzed with respect to patient, adenoma, and operative characteristics, earlier operations, complications, follow-up time, recurrence rates, recurrence treatment, and cancer incidence.

Perioperative single dose instillation of epirubicin or interferon-alpha after transurethral resection for the prophylaxis of primary superficial bladder cancer recurrence: a prospective randomized multicenter study--FinnBladder III long-term results.

Purpose: We evaluated the long-term efficacy of a single dose of interferon or epirubicin administered immediately after transurethral resection compared with transurethral resection alone for primary superficial bladder cancer recurrence.

Material And Methods: A total of 200 patients with primary superficial stages Ta to T1, grades 1 to 3 bladder cancer were randomized into 3 treatment groups, including transurethral resection alone, transurethral resection plus 50 milliunits interferon-alpha2b and transurethral resection plus 100 mg. epirubicin.

Factors explaining recurrence in patients undergoing chemoimmunotherapy regimens for frequently recurring superficial bladder carcinoma.

Objectives: To study the factors determining new recurrences in patients with frequently recurring superficial bladder tumors.

Methods: Of all 205 eligible patients, each received 5 weekly intravesical instillations of mitomycin C (MMC), with the first instillation given perioperatively. This was followed, according to randomization, by BCG instillations alone or by alternating instillations of interferon-alpha and BCG monthly for up to 1 year.