Progresses and perspectives on natural polysaccharide based hydrogels for repair of infarcted myocardium.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is serious health threat and impairs the quality of life. It is a major causative factor of morbidity and mortality. MI leads to the necrosis of cardio-myocytes, cardiac remodelling and dysfunction, eventually leading to heart failure.

H-ras-targeted genetic therapy remarkably surpassed docetaxel treatment in inhibiting chemically induced hepatic tumors in rats.

Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. But its chemotherapeutic options are far from expectation. We here compared H-ras targeted genetic therapy to a commercial docetaxel formulation (DXT) in inhibiting HCC in rats.

A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Linear Dimensional Change and Compression Resistance of Four Elastomeric Interocclusal Recording Materials: An Study.

Unlabelled: The transfer of interocclusal data from the patient's mouth to articulators utilizing various types of recording media is necessary for the production of dental prostheses. Occlusal errors in the final prosthesis result from any discrepancies in these interocclusal records.

Materials And Methods: The purpose of this study was to assess the linear dimensional changes in the four elastomeric interocclusal recording materials as well as the material's resistance to compression during the cast mounting on the articulator.

Research progresses on carboxymethyl xanthan gum: Review of synthesis, physicochemical properties, rheological characterization and applications in drug delivery.

Xanthan gum is a nonionic polysaccharide widely explored in biomedical, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical fields. XG suffers from several drawbacks like poor dissolution, lower bioavailability and an inability to form hydrogels. The carboxymethyl derivative of XG, CMX, has better solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability characteristics.

Effect of intragranular/extragranular tara gum on sustained gastrointestinal drug delivery from semi-IPN hydrogel matrices.

The present research was undertaken to develop semi-IPN hydrogel matrix tablets of tara gum (TG) and carboxymethyl TG (CMTG) for sustained gastrointestinal delivery of highly water soluble tramadol hydrochloride (TH). The matrix tablets were developed by a hybrid process of wet granulation and direct compression technique. Carboxymethyl TG was crosslinked with dual cross-linking ions (Al/Ca).

Carboxymethylated Gums and Derivatization: Strategies and Significance in Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering.

Natural polysaccharides have been widely exploited in drug delivery and tissue engineering research. They exhibit excellent biocompatibility and fewer adverse effects; however, it is challenging to assess their bioactivities to that of manufactured synthetics because of their intrinsic physicochemical characteristics. Studies showed that the carboxymethylation of polysaccharides considerably increases the aqueous solubility and bioactivities of inherent polysaccharides and offers structural diversity, but it also has some limitations that can be resolved by derivatization or the grafting of carboxymethylated gums.

Al/Ca cross-linked hydrogel matrix tablet of etherified tara gum for sustained delivery of tramadol hydrochloride in gastrointestinal milieu.

Tara gum (TG) was derivatized to carboxymethyl TG (CMTG) and then cross-linked with Al/Ca ions to prepare Al/Ca cross-linked CMTG matrices for sustained delivery of Tramadol Hydrochloride (TH), a highly water-soluble drug. The effect of Al/Ca ions concentration on swelling, erosion, and drug release behavior from Al/Ca-CMTG matrices was investigated. Al-CMTG matrices had greater cross-linking density, produced a more rigid and denser hydrogel layer than Ca-CMTG matrices.

A review on challenges and issues with carboxymethylation of natural gums: The widely used excipients for conventional and novel dosage forms.

Diverse properties of natural gums have made them quite useful for various pharmaceutical applications. However, they suffer from various problems, including unregulated hydration rates, microbial degradation, and decline in viscosity during warehousing. Among various chemical procedures for modification of gums, carboxymethylation has been widely studied due to its simplicity and efficiency.

Moringa gum and its modified form as a potential green polymer used in biomedical field.

Over the past few decades, natural gums are extensively investigated by the researchers due to their beneficial physicochemical properties. Among them, the polysaccharide exudates obtained from the stem of the plant Moringa oleifera, known as moringa gum, is investigated widely in the food, pharmaceutical, and other areas. The moringa gum is used in the form of dried powder as a pharmaceutical excipient in various formulations.

Enhanced intestinal stability and pH sensitive release of quercetin in GIT through gellan gum hydrogels.

The objective of the work was to improve the intestinal stability and pH sensitive release of quercetin in the gastrointestinal tract. To achieve this aim, novel quercetin loaded pH sensitive hydrogel beads of gellan gum were developed through an ionic cross-linking technique using calcium chloride (CaCl) as cross-linking agents. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to characterize the morphological appearance of the prepared hydrogel beads.

Xyloglucan as green renewable biopolymer used in drug delivery and tissue engineering.

Xyloglucan is a mucoadhesive polysaccharide which is extracted from the cell wall of vascular plants. Tamarind seeds are the abundant source of xyloglucan and commercially more popular. It is biocompatible, biodegradable, and nontoxic in nature.

Polysaccharide as renewable responsive biopolymer for in situ gel in the delivery of drug through ocular route.

The major complications associated with the administration of ocular dosage forms are the precorneal loss due to the nasolacrimal drainage and high turnover of tear fluid. In situ forming gels are developed to overcome these complications. In situ gelling systems are polymeric solutions converted into a viscoelastic gel in the ocular surface due to a change in temperature, ionic strength, and p.

Breaking the Barrier of Cancer through Papaya Extract and their Formulation.

Background: In the last decade, many new avenues of cancer treatment have opened up but the costs of treatment have sky-rocketed too. Hence, screening of indigenously available plant and animal resources for anti-carcinogenic potential is an important branch of anticancer research. The effort has been made through this comprehensive review to highlight the recent developments of anticancer therapies using different parts of papaya plant extract.

Breaking the barricade of oral chemotherapy through polysaccharide nanocarrier.

Oral chemotherapy is the most preferred drug administration method due to non-invasive administration, more convenient, low healthcare cost, and patient compliance in comparison to intravenous chemotherapy. However, oral chemotherapy poses numerous hurdles to drug absorption through the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, nanocarriers have been extensively used for delivering anticancer drugs orally.

Extraction of levetiracetam for therapeutic drug monitoring by transdermal reverse iontophoresis.

Recently, transdermal reverse iontophoresis across the skin has been investigated as a novel technology for the purpose of diagnosis as well as therapeutic drug monitoring. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to investigate ex vivo and in vivo transdermal extraction of levetiracetam, an antiepileptic drug, across the pig ear skin by reverse iontophoresis. Reverse iontophoresis experiments were performed using three chambered diffusion cells.

Recent Biomedical Applications on Stem Cell Therapy: A Brief Overview.

Stem cells are the specialized cell population with unique self-renewal ability and act as the precursor of all the body cells. Broadly, stem cells are of two types one is embryonic stem cells while the other is adult or somatic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are the cells of zygote of the blastocyst which give rise to all kind of body cells including embryonic cells, and it can reconstruct a complete organism.

Breaking the Barrier of Cancer Through Liposome Loaded with Phytochemicals.

Currently, the most important cause of death is cancer. To treat the cancer there are a number of drugs existing in the market but no drug is found to be completely safe and effective. The toxicity of the drugs is the key problem in the cancer chemotherapy.

Current Status of Stem Cell Therapies in Tissue Repair and Regeneration.

Tissue engineering is a multi-disciplinary field such as material science, life science, and bioengineering that are necessary to make artificial tissue or rejuvenate damaged tissue. Numerous tissue repair techniques and substitute now exist even though it has several shortcomings; these shortcomings give a good reason for the continuous research for more acceptable tissue-engineered substitutes. The search for and use of a suitable stem cell in tissue engineering is a promising concept.

Reverse Iontophoretic Extraction of Gabapentin: A Mechanistic Study.

Background: For the narrow therapeutic index anti-epileptic drugs, monitoring of plasma concentration is a necessity for avoiding complications related to fluctuation of plasma level.

Objective: The work was aimed at extracting gabapentin by transdermal reverse iontophoresis to investigate its feasibility for noninvasive therapeutic drug monitoring.

Methods: Gabapentin was delivered in phosphate buffer (pH 7.

Nano-encapsulation of Dietary Phytoconstituent Capsaicin on Emulsome: Evaluation of Anticancer Activity Through the Measurement of Liver Oxidative Stress in Rats.

Background: Excessive reactive species derived from oxygen and nitrogen leads to oxidative damage to tissue and organs. Capsaicin (CAP), a pungent component found in red pepper can prevent oxidative stress.

Objective: The aim of the present work was to evaluate the protective effects of CAP loaded nano-emulsomes (EML) against the oxidative stress of rat livers induced through sodium fluoride (NaF).

Transdermal reverse iontophoresis: A novel technique for therapeutic drug monitoring.

Application of transdermal reverse iontophoresis for diagnostic purpose is a relatively new concept but its short span of research is full of ups and downs. In early nineties, when the idea was floated, it received a dubious welcome by the scientific community. Yet to the disbelief of many, 2001 saw the launching of GlucoWatch® G2 Biographer, the first device that could measure the blood sugar level noninvasively.

Nano-encapsulation of capsaicin on lipid vesicle and evaluation of their hepatocellular protective effect.

The intention of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nanocapsulated food constituent capsaicin in protection of liver oxidative stress. We had prepared phospholipid vesicle (nanoliposome) by formation of thin lipid film followed by hydration when the mean vesicle diameter was found to be 277.7nm.

Infringement of the barriers of cancer via dietary phytoconstituents capsaicin through novel drug delivery system.

Cancer is the major cause of fatality and the number of new cases is increasing incessantly. Conventional therapies and existing anticancer agents cause serious side effects and expand the patient's lifespan by a few years. There is the need to exploit alternative anticancer agents and novel drug delivery system to deliver these agents to the tumor site for the prevention of cancer.

Prospects of pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals loaded microparticles prepared by double emulsion technique for controlled delivery.

Several methods and techniques are potentially useful for the preparation of microparticles in the field of controlled drug delivery. The type and the size of the microparticles, the entrapment, release characteristics and stability of drug in microparticles in the formulations are dependent on the method used. One of the most common methods of preparing microparticles is the single emulsion technique.