VAEEG: Variational auto-encoder for extracting EEG representation.

The electroencephalogram (EEG) exhibits characteristics of complexity and strong randomness. Existing deep learning models for EEG typically target specific objectives and datasets, with their scalability constrained by the size of the dataset, resulting in limited perceptual and generalization abilities. In order to obtain more intuitive, concise, and useful representations of brain activity, we constructed a reconstruction-based self-supervised learning model for EEG based on Variational Autoencoder (VAE) with separate frequency bands, termed variational auto-encoder for EEG (VAEEG).

Total posterior quadrant disconnection for drug-resistant epilepsy in children.

Objective: To assess seizure outcomes, prognostic factors, and developmental changes in children undergoing total posterior quadrant disconnection (PQD) for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of children with DRE who underwent total PQD surgery. The study focused on Engel's classification for seizure outcomes, exploring correlation of preoperative data and surgical effectiveness, and predictors of seizure prognosis.

Clinical characteristics and post-operative outcomes in children with malformation of cortical development related drug-resistant epilepsy: 428 cases in one pediatric epilepsy center.

Aims: To investigate post-operative seizure outcomes, and predictors of surgical outcomes of the malformation of cortical development (MCD) in children with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) and age-specific characteristics.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 428 children with MCD-related DRE who underwent curative surgical treatment. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify correlative characteristics, prognostic predictors, and differences among various age groups.

A predictive model combining connectomics and entropy biomarkers to discriminate long-term vagus nerve stimulation efficacy for pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.

Aims: To predict the vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) efficacy for pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) patients, we aim to identify preimplantation biomarkers through clinical features and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and thus establish a predictive model from a multi-modal feature set with high prediction accuracy.

Methods: Sixty-five pediatric DRE patients implanted with VNS were included and followed up. We explored the topological network and entropy features of preimplantation EEG signals to identify the biomarkers for VNS efficacy.

Clinical features of unilateral multilobar and hemispheric polymicrogyria (PMG)-related epilepsy and seizure outcome with different treatment options.

Objective: To provide evidence for choosing surgical or nonsurgical treatment for epilepsy in patients with unilateral multilobar and hemispheric polymicrogyria (PMG).

Methods: We searched published studies until September 2022 related to unilateral multilobar and hemispheric PMG and included patients who were followed up at the Pediatric Epilepsy Centre of Peking University First Hospital in the past 10 years. We summarized the clinical characteristics and compared the long-term outcomes after surgical or nonsurgical (anti-seizure medications, ASMs) treatment.

Efficient and generalizable cross-patient epileptic seizure detection through a spiking neural network.

Introduction: Epilepsy is a global chronic disease that brings pain and inconvenience to patients, and an electroencephalogram (EEG) is the main analytical tool. For clinical aid that can be applied to any patient, an automatic cross-patient epilepsy seizure detection algorithm is of great significance. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are modeled on biological neurons and are energy-efficient on neuromorphic hardware, which can be expected to better handle brain signals and benefit real-world, low-power applications.

Novel mutations in a Chinese girl with rare symptoms of microcephaly-capillary malformation syndrome and Mowat-Wilson syndrome.

Microcephaly-capillary malformation syndrome (MIC-CAP) and Mowat-Wilson syndrome (MWS) are both rare hereditary diseases with several overlapping symptoms. We here report a Chinese patient simultaneously affected by MIC-CAP and MWS, presenting with moderate anaemia because of repeated, unilateral refractory epistaxis. The girl was initially diagnosed with MWS after discovery of a pathogenic nonsense mutation in .

Long-term seizure and developmental outcomes of epilepsy surgery in children under 3 years old: A single-center study of 113 patients.

Aims: To investigate the clinical characteristics, surgical strategy, developmental and seizure outcomes, and predictors of surgical outcome in children with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) under 3 years old.

Methods: One hundred thirteen consecutive children younger than 3 years of age with DRE underwent curative surgical treatment after multidisciplinary preoperative evaluation using the strategy developed in the pediatric epilepsy center of Peking University First Hospital (PKFHPEC) between 2014 and 2018. These patients were selected for retrospective study.

Brain functional connectivity-based prediction of vagus nerve stimulation efficacy in pediatric pharmacoresistant epilepsy.

Objective: Although vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a common and widely used therapy for pharmacoresistant epilepsy, the reported efficacy of VNS in pediatric patients varies, so it is unclear which children will respond to VNS therapy. This study aimed to identify functional brain network features associated with VNS action to distinguish VNS responders from nonresponders using scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) data.

Methods: Twenty-three children were included in this study, 16 in the discovery cohort and 7 in the test cohort.

Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes in children with mild malformation of cortical development and oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy.

Objective: Mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy (MOGHE) is a new and rare histopathological entity of cortical developmental malformations. The clinical characteristics of MOGHE remain challenging.

Methods: Children with histologically confirmed MOGHE were retrospectively studied.

Identification of gene mutations in six Chinese patients with maple syrup urine disease.

Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a rare autosomal recessive amino acid metabolic disease. This study is to identify the pathogenic genetic factors of six cases of MUSD and evaluates the application value of high-throughput sequencing technology in the early diagnosis of MUSD. Clinical examination was carried out for patients and used blood tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), urine gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and the application of high-throughput sequencing technology for detection.

Pediatric epilepsy surgery in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome after viral encephalitis.

Objective: To analyse the surgical outcomes of pediatric patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) secondary to viral encephalitis.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of four patients with LGS secondary to viral encephalitis who underwent surgery at the pediatric epilepsy center of Peking University First Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019. Preoperative evaluations included a detailed history, long-term video electroencephalography (VEEG), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and a neuropsychological test.

Efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation in 95 children of drug-resistant epilepsy with structural etiology.

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is one of the treatment options for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). To analyze the efficacy of VNS in children of DRE with structural etiology, we conducted a cohort study including 95 patients of DRE with structural etiology who underwent VNS treatment. Patients were followed up every 3 months at the outpatient department or via a remote programming platform.

Safety and efficacy of rapid withdrawal of antiseizure medications during long-term video-electroencephalogram monitoring in children with drug-resistant epilepsy: A retrospective study.

Objective: Performing long-term video-electroencephalographic monitoring (LTVEM) to obtain the ictal electroencephalogram (EEG) is important for presurgical evaluation. This study aimed at investigating the safety and efficacy of our protocol developed at Peking University First Hospital (PUFH) for rapid withdrawal of antiseizure medications (ASMs) during LTVEM to induce seizures in children with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) exhibiting nondaily seizures.

Methods: Children with DRE who followed the PUFH protocol for rapid withdrawal of ASMs during LTVEM between 2018 and 2021 were enrolled.

An Explainable Statistical Method for Seizure Prediction Using Brain Functional Connectivity from EEG.

Background: Epilepsy is a group of chronic neurological disorders characterized by recurrent and abrupt seizures. The accurate prediction of seizures can reduce the burdens of this disorder. Now, existing studies use brain network features to classify patients' preictal or interictal states, enabling seizure prediction.

Vagus nerve stimulation in children with drug-resistant epilepsy of monogenic etiology.

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an effective treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). The present study evaluated the efficacy of VNS in pediatric patients with DRE of monogenic etiology. A total of 20 patients who received VNS treatment at our center were followed up every 3 months through outpatient visits or a remote programming platform.

Lesional Intractable Epileptic Spasms in Children: Electroclinical Localization and Postoperative Outcomes.

To analyze the influence of seizure semiology, electroencephalography (EEG) features and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) change on epileptogenic zone localization and surgical prognosis in children with epileptic spasm (ES) were assessed. Data from 127 patients with medically intractable epilepsy with ES who underwent surgical treatment were retrospectively analyzed. ES semiology was classified as non-lateralized, bilateral asymmetric, and focal.

A prediction model integrating synchronization biomarkers and clinical features to identify responders to vagus nerve stimulation among pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.

Aims: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a neuromodulation therapy for children with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). The efficacy of VNS is heterogeneous. A prediction model is needed to predict the efficacy before implantation.

Subtotal hemispherotomy for intractable lesional hemispheric epilepsy without hemiparesis in children.

Purpose: We analyzed the surgical indications, outcomes, and prognostic factors of subtotal hemispherotomy for intractable lesional hemispheric epilepsy in children with almost normal motor function and summarized its surgical strategies.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 20 children who underwent subtotal hemispherotomy (hemispheric disconnection sparing sensorimotor cortex) between March 2015 and May 2021. The children were divided into seizure-free group and residual seizures group according to their surgical outcomes.

Effects of Stable Vagus Nerve Stimulation Efficacy on Autistic Behaviors in Ten Pediatric Patients With Drug Resistant Epilepsy: An Observational Study.

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a safe and effective therapy for pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). However, in children with DRE, the effects of VNS on autistic behaviors remain controversial. We retrospectively collected data from 10 children with DRE who underwent VNS implantation and regular parameter regulation in three pediatric epilepsy centers, and completed the behavioral assessments, including the autistic behavior checklist and the child behavior checklist, at follow-ups 1 (mean 2.

Efficacy of Anti-seizure Medications, Quinidine, and Ketogenic Diet Therapy for -Related Epilepsy and Genotype-Efficacy Correlation Analysis.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of anti-seizure medications (ASMs), quinidine, and ketogenic diet therapy (KDT) for -related epilepsy and to explore genotype-efficacy correlations.

Methods: We collected the data for -related epilepsy cases from our hospital's medical records and the literature. In total, 50 patients received quinidine, 23 received classical KDT, and 15 received ASMs; all ASM data were from our hospital owing to the lack of detailed ASM data in the literature.

Postoperative seizure and developmental outcomes of children with hemimegalencephaly and drug-resistant epilepsy.

Objective: To evaluate seizure and developmental outcomes in the short and long term in children with hemimegalencephaly (HMEG) after surgery.

Methods: This is a cohort study of 36 children who underwent surgery for HMEG were followed up for at least 1 year postoperatively. The Griffiths Mental Development Scales, Ages and Stages Questionnaire version 3, and Peabody Developmental Motor Scales were used to assess development.

Mutation-Related Disorders: Clinical and Genetic Features.

encodes an α1 isoform of Na/K-ATPase, which is expressed abundantly in kidneys and central nervous system. variants may cause Na/K-ATPase loss of function and lead to a wide spectrum of phenotypes. This study aims to summarize the clinical and genetic features of mutation-related disorders and explore the potential correlations between phenotypes and genotypes.

Surgical treatment of children with drug-resistant epilepsy involving the Rolandic area.

We retrospectively analysed the clinical features and prognostic factors of surgery in children with drug-resistant epilepsy involving the Rolandic area, and the relationship between the stable compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) and good motor function outcomes postoperatively. A study was conducted on the clinical data of 91 patients with epilepsy who underwent epilepsy surgery involving the Rolandic area and IONM from November 2015 to February 2019. In total, 91 patients were included in this study.