Case Report: Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type 1 with a novel mutation combined with Gitelman syndrome and a review of the literature.

Introduction: Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by an inactivating mutation in the gene, while Gitelman syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive renal tubular disorder resulting from a pathogenic mutation in the gene. Both genetic disorders are relatively rare. This report presents a patient with both FHH and GS, exhibiting unique clinical and genetic complexities.

Mesomeric configuration makes polyleucine micelle an optimal nanocarrier.

Micelle with mesomeric polyleucine (PDLLeu) core demonstrated the most uniform morphology, the smallest diameter and the highest drug loading capability compared to those with dextrorotatory (PDLeu), levorotatory (PLLeu) and racemic PLeu (PD/LLeu) cores. In addition, the modification with c(RGDfC) endowed the optimal PDLLeu micelle with enhanced intracellular drug release and cytotoxicity, indicating its great potential for targeted drug delivery.