Would it be better for partition prediction of heavy metal concentration in soils based on the fusion of XRF and Vis-NIR data?

Heavy metal (HM) contamination in soil necessitates effective methods to diagnose suspected contaminated areas and control rehabilitation processes. The synergistic use of proximal sensors demonstrates significant potential for rapid detection via accurate surveys of soil HM pollution at large scales and high sampling densities, and necessitates the selection of appropriate data mining and modeling methods for early diagnosis of soil pollution. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a subarea model based on geographically partitioned and global models based on high-precision energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (HD-XRF) and visible near-infrared (vis-NIR) spectra using a random forest model for predicting soil Cu and Pb concentrations.

The design and straightforward synthesis of multifunctional DNA microgels for the improved targeted delivery of antitumor drugs.

Multifunctional drug delivery platforms represent ideal approaches to reliably targeting pharmacological agents of interest to the complex tumor microenvironment (TME), yet the complicated synthesis processes, high costs, and toxicities associated with these agents have hindered their clinical application to date. In this study, the properties of the TME are leveraged to develop a multifunctional pNAB/AS DNA microgel that is able to actively target tumors. This microgel is generated by a straightforward one-step free radical precipitation polymerization procedure, exhibiting extremely high drug encapsulation efficiency (∼90%), and is responsive to three environmental stimuli including temperature, reduction, and an acidic pH while showing minimal drug leakage under physiological conditions.

Using multi-technology to characterize transboundary Hg pollution in the largest presently active Hg deposit in China.

Active Hg mines are primary sources of Hg contamination in the environment of mining districts and surrounding areas. Alleviation of Hg pollution requires knowledge of pollution sources, migration, and transform pathways across various environmental media. Accordingly, the Xunyang Hg-Sb mine, the largest active Hg deposit in China, presently was selected as the study area.

Dual-drug codelivery nanosystems: An emerging approach for overcoming cancer multidrug resistance.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) promotes tumor recurrence and metastasis and heavily reduces anticancer efficiency, which has become a primary reason for the failure of clinical chemotherapy. The mechanisms of MDR are so complex that conventional chemotherapy usually fails to achieve an ideal therapeutic effect and even accelerates the occurrence of MDR. In contrast, the combination of chemotherapy with dual-drug has significant advantages in tumor therapy.

Evaluation of Pollution Level, Spatial Distribution, and Ecological Effects of Antimony in Soils of Mining Areas: A Review.

The first global-scale assessment of Sb contamination in soil that was related to mining/smelting activities was conducted based on 91 articles that were published between 1989 and 2021. The geographical variation, the pollution level, the speciation, the influencing factors, and the environmental effects of Sb that were associated with mining/smelting-affected soils were analyzed. The high Sb values mainly occurred in developed (Poland, Italy, Spain, Portugal, New Zealand, Australia) and developing (China, Algeria, Slovakia) countries.

Machine learning can identify the sources of heavy metals in agricultural soil: A case study in northern Guangdong Province, China.

Source tracing of heavy metals in agricultural soils is of critical importance for effective pollution control and targeting policies. It is a great challenge to identify and apportion the complex sources of soil heavy metal pollution. In this study, a traditional analysis method, positive matrix fraction (PMF), and three machine learning methodologies, including self-organizing map (SOM), conditional inference tree (CIT) and random forest (RF), were used to identify and apportion the sources of heavy metals in agricultural soils from Lianzhou, Guangdong Province, China.

Accumulation, regional distribution, and environmental effects of Sb in the largest Hg-Sb mine area in Qinling Orogen, China.

In this study, knowledge gaps on Sb concentration in rocks, ores, tailings, soil, river water, sediments, and crops of mine areas were identified and discussed in terms of contamination levels, spatial distribution, and environmental effects. Accordingly, Xunyang Hg-Sb mine, the largest Hg-Sb deposit in China as research region in this study, field sampling and laboratory analysis were conducted. The results showed elevated concentrations of Sb in the soil, sediment, and river water.

Heavy metals in indoor dust: Spatial distribution, influencing factors, and potential health risks.

Given the large proportion of time that people spend indoors, the potential health risks posed by heavy metals in the indoor environment deserve greater attention. A global-scale assessment of heavy metal contamination in indoor dust was conducted in this study based on >127 articles published between 1985 and 2019. The pollution levels, spatio-temporal variations, sources, bioaccessibilities, influencing factors, and health risks of heavy metals associated with indoor dust were analyzed.

Status of chromium accumulation in agricultural soils across China (1989-2016).

The first national-scale assessment of chromium (Cr) contamination in China's agricultural soils was performed based on 1625 sites analysed with 1799 previously published papers. Spatial and temporal variations were assessed, and the ecological risk was estimated. The range of Cr concentrations in farmland soil is 1.

Status of arsenic accumulation in agricultural soils across China (1985-2016).

Based on 1677 published studies, 1648 sites across China collected from 1985 to 2016 were used to research the concentrations of arsenic in agricultural soils. In order to understand the status of arsenic pollution in agricultural soils in China over the past three decades, and to learn about the arsenic stocks in agricultural soils in various regions, and compared the relationship with annual arsenic emissions in China, and finally evaluated the potential ecological risks and human health risks. The median arsenic concentration in the surface agricultural soils of China was 10.

Soil-air exchange of mercury from agricultural fields in Zhejiang, East China: Seasonal variations, influence factors, and models of fluxes.

Mercury exchange between soil and air is an important processe governing the biogeochemical cycling of Hg. This study investigated the in situ soil-air Hg fluxes in agricultural soils of Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, using a dynamic flux chamber coupled with a Hg vapor analyzer. Soil-air Hg exchange fluxes were overall emission for all seasons, indicating that agricultural soil was a Hg source for the atmosphere.

Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Soils of Zhejiang Province, China: Levels, Distribution, Sources, and Exposure Risks.

Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are an emerging class of pollutants. In this study, 62 soil samples were collected from Zhejiang Province China, and screened for 8 typical OPFRs. All compounds were detected in soil at 100% detection frequency, except for triethyl phosphate (TEP) compounds (93.

Status of lead accumulation in agricultural soils across China (1979-2016).

The first national-scale assessment of lead (Pb) contamination in agricultural soils across China was conducted based on >1900 articles published between 1979 and 2016. Pb concentrations, temporal and spatial variations, and influencing factors were analyzed. Children's blood lead levels (BLLs) were also estimated using the integrated exposure uptake biokinetic (IEUBK) model.

Status of cadmium accumulation in agricultural soils across China (1975-2016): From temporal and spatial variations to risk assessment.

Based on 1186 published studies, the first national-scale assessment of cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils across China was conducted. Cd concentrations, temporal and spatial variations, and ecological and health risks resulted from Cd exposure were analyzed. A small part of sampling sites with Cd concentration surpass the screening value and the control value (GB15618-2018), respectively.

Mass balance-based inventory of heavy metals inputs to and outputs from agricultural soils in Zhejiang Province, China.

It is important to understand the status and extent of soil contamination with heavy metals to make sustainable management strategies for agricultural soils. Input and output inventory of heavy metals in agricultural soil of Zhejiang Province was systematically studied. The results showed that atmospheric deposition was responsible for 47.

Inventories of heavy metal inputs and outputs to and from agricultural soils: A review.

Heavy metal pollution of agricultural soils is an important issue around the world. To understand the overall pollution process, accurate determination of every input and output pathway of heavy metals to and from soils is essential. Hence, input and output inventory, a quantitative analysis method of heavy metals balance in agricultural soils, has been widely used.

Residuals, bioaccessibility and health risk assessment of PAHs in winter wheat grains from areas influenced by coal combustion in China.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination in atmospheric and soil was serious, which is mainly due to high level of emission of PAHs in China resulted from the predominating use of coal in energy consumption and continuous development of economy and society for years. However, the status of PAHs in winter wheat grains from the areas influenced by coal combustion in China was still not clear. During harvest season, the winter wheat grains were collected from agricultural fields surrounding coal-fired power plants located in Shaanxi and Henan Provinces.

Variation in foliar uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in six varieties of winter wheat.

To investigate intraspecific variations of foliar uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), leaves of six varieties including Changwu 521 (CW), Hedong TX-006 (HD), Jiaomai 266 (JM), Xiaoyan 22 (XY), Yunong 949 (YN), and Zhongmai 175 (ZM) were exposed to three levels of (0, 0.25, and 1.

Spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments from a hypertrophic plateau lake Dianchi, China.

The sediment in Dianchi Lake, a hypereutrophic plateau lake in southwest China, was investigated and the concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Pb, Fe, Mn, and Cd) in the sediment and sediment properties were determined. Their spatial distribution and sources were analyzed using multivariate statistics. The result indicated that the studied metals exhibited three distinct spatial patterns; that is, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni had a similar distribution, with a concentration gradient from the north to the south part of the lake; Cd and Cr presented a similar distribution; Fe and Mn presented a quite different distribution than other metals, which indicated their different sources and geochemistry processes.