Secondary Risk-Reducing Strategies for Contralateral Breast Cancer in BRCA1/2 Variant Carriers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Introduction: Breast cancer poses significant challenges, especially the increased risk of contralateral breast cancer (CBC) in BRCA1/2 variant carriers. This study systematically reviews and analyzes the effectiveness of secondary risk-reducing strategies for CBC in BRCA1/2 carriers.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted from January 2000 to December 2023, including RCTs, cohort, or case-control studies involving BRCA carriers with unilateral breast cancer.

Pandemic Fatigue and Preferences for COVID-19 Public Health and Social Measures in China: Nationwide Discrete Choice Experiment.

Background: Information on the public's preferences for current public health and social measures (PHSMs) and people's mental health under PHSMs is insufficient.

Objective: This study aimed to quantify the public's preferences for varied PHSMs and measure the level of pandemic fatigue in the COVID-19 normalization stage in China.

Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional study with a discrete choice experiment and psychometric scales was conducted to assess public preferences for and attitudes toward PHSMs, using the quota sampling method.

Patients, healthcare providers, and general population preferences for hemodialysis vascular access: a discrete choice experiment.

Background: A patient-centered dialysis treatment option requires an understanding of patient preferences for alternative vascular accesses and nephrologists often face difficulties when recommending vascular access to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients. We aimed to quantify the relative importance of various vascular access characteristics to patients, healthcare providers and general population, and how they affect acceptability for patients and healthcare providers.

Methods: In a discrete choice experiment, patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), healthcare providers, and individuals from the general population were invited to respond to a series of hypothetical vascular access scenarios that differed in five attributes: cumulative patency, infection rate, thrombosis rate, cost, and time to maturation.

Prophylactic Interventions for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risks and Mortality in BRCA1/2 Carriers.

Background: Hereditary breast and ovarian cancers (HBOCs) pose significant health risks worldwide and are mitigated by prophylactic interventions. However, a meta-analysis of their efficacy and the impact of different genetic variants on their effectiveness is lacking.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, adhering to Cochrane guidelines.

Need assessment for history-taking instruction program using chatbot for nursing students: A qualitative study using focus group interviews.

Purpose: A comprehensive health history contributes to identifying the most appropriate interventions and care priorities. However, history-taking is challenging to learn and develop for most nursing students. Chatbot was suggested by students to be used in history-taking training.

A real-world data validation of the value of early-stage SIR modelling to public health.

Performance of Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model in the early stage of a novel epidemic may be hindered by data availability. Additionally, the traditional SIR model may oversimplify the disease progress, and knowledge about the virus and transmission is limited early in the epidemic, resulting in a greater uncertainty of such modelling. We aimed to investigate the impact of model inputs on the early-stage SIR projection using COVID-19 as an illustration to evaluate the application of early infection models.

Understanding influencing attributes of COVID-19 vaccine preference and willingness-to-pay among Chinese and American middle-aged and elderly adults: A discrete choice experiment and propensity score matching study.

Background And Objective: COVID-19 has imposed burdens on public health systems globally. Owing to the urgency of vaccination, this study aimed at comparing the differences in preference and willingness to pay of COVID-19 vaccine among Chinese and American middle-aged and elderly adults.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey containing demographic questions, rating their acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination with and without recommendations from friends, family members or employers (the social cues referred to in our study), and a discrete choice experiment understanding COVID-19 vaccine preference and willingness to pay was conducted to collect data.

Preference of Virtual Reality Games in Psychological Pressure and Depression Treatment: Discrete Choice Experiment.

Background: Virtual reality (VR) can be used to build many different scenes aimed at reducing study-related stress. However, only few academic experiments on university students for preference testing have been performed.

Objective: This study aims to assess the preference of VR games for stress and depression treatment using a discrete choice experiment (DCE).

Conversion of Waste Oil from Oil Refinery into Emulsion Liquid Membrane for Removal of Phenol: Stability Evaluation, Modeling and Optimization.

The waste oil emulsion liquid membrane produced by waste oil from oil refineries (WELM) is used to separate the phenol in purified water from the sour water stripper in oil refinery facilities, and the stability of WELM was studied. It is verified that waste refinery oil can be produced into emulsion liquid membrane with good stability and high removal rate for the first time. The WELM stability models were established by response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN), respectively.

Healthcare preferences of the general Chinese population in the hierarchical medical system: A discrete choice experiment.

Background: Chinese health insurance system faces resource distribution challenges. A patient-centric approach allows decision-makers to be keenly aware of optimized medical resource allocation.

Objective: This study aims to use the discrete choice model to determine the main factors affecting the healthcare preferences of the general Chinese population and their weights in the three scenarios (chronic non-communicable diseases, acute infectious diseases, and major diseases).

Preferences for Attributes of Initial COVID-19 Diagnosis in the United States and China During the Pandemic: Discrete Choice Experiment With Propensity Score Matching.

Background: China and the United States play critical leading roles in the global effort to contain the COVID-19 virus. Therefore, their population's preferences for initial diagnosis were compared to provide policy and clinical insights.

Objective: We aim to quantify and compare the public's preferences for medical management of fever and the attributes of initial diagnosis in the case of presenting symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and the United States.

Acceptance of and Preference for COVID-19 Vaccination in India, the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, and Spain: An International Cross-Sectional Study.

India and Europe have large populations, a large number of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, and different healthcare systems. This study aims to investigate the differences between the hesitancy toward and preference for COVID-19 vaccines in India and four European countries, namely, the United Kingdom (UK), Germany, Italy, and Spain. We conducted a cross-national survey for distribution in India, the UK, Germany, Italy, and Spain.

Understanding Health Communication Through Google Trends and News Coverage for COVID-19: Multinational Study in Eight Countries.

Background: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, health information related to COVID-19 has spread across news media worldwide. Google is among the most used internet search engines, and the Google Trends tool can reflect how the public seeks COVID-19-related health information during the pandemic.

Objective: The aim of this study was to understand health communication through Google Trends and news coverage and to explore their relationship with prevention and control of COVID-19 at the early epidemic stage.

A Comparison of Vaccine Hesitancy of COVID-19 Vaccination in China and the United States.

Objectives: To investigate the differences in vaccine hesitancy and preference of the currently available COVID-19 vaccines between two countries, namely, China and the United States (U.S.).

Preferences for Artificial Intelligence Clinicians Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Discrete Choice Experiment and Propensity Score Matching Study.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) methods can potentially be used to relieve the pressure that the COVID-19 pandemic has exerted on public health. In cases of medical resource shortages caused by the pandemic, changes in people's preferences for AI clinicians and traditional clinicians are worth exploring.

Objective: We aimed to quantify and compare people's preferences for AI clinicians and traditional clinicians before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to assess whether people's preferences were affected by the pressure of pandemic.

Patients' Preferences for Artificial Intelligence Applications Versus Clinicians in Disease Diagnosis During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in China: Discrete Choice Experiment.

Background: Misdiagnosis, arbitrary charges, annoying queues, and clinic waiting times among others are long-standing phenomena in the medical industry across the world. These factors can contribute to patient anxiety about misdiagnosis by clinicians. However, with the increasing growth in use of big data in biomedical and health care communities, the performance of artificial intelligence (Al) techniques of diagnosis is improving and can help avoid medical practice errors, including under the current circumstance of COVID-19.

A physical model inspired density peak clustering.

Clustering is an important technology of data mining, which plays a vital role in bioscience, social network and network analysis. As a clustering algorithm based on density and distance, density peak clustering is extensively used to solve practical problems. The algorithm assumes that the clustering center has a larger local density and is farther away from the higher density points.

An Innovative Artificial Intelligence-Based App for the Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM-AI): Development Study.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can cause adverse consequences to both mothers and their newborns. However, pregnant women living in low- and middle-income areas or countries often fail to receive early clinical interventions at local medical facilities due to restricted availability of GDM diagnosis. The outstanding performance of artificial intelligence (AI) in disease diagnosis in previous studies demonstrates its promising applications in GDM diagnosis.

A facile method for preparing Yb-doped perovskite nanocrystals with ultra-stable near-infrared light emission.

Colloidal all-inorganic cesium lead halide (CsPbX, X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals (NCs) are very important optoelectronic materials and have been successfully utilized as bright light sources and high efficiency photovoltaics due to their facile solution processability. Recently, rare-earth dopants have opened a new pathway for lead halide perovskite NCs for applications in near-infrared wave bands. However, these materials still suffer from serious environmental instability.

[Musculoskeletal System Anatomic Database Software Applied to the Internet].

We developed a new the musculoskeletal anatomic database software based on internet. This article presents the design objective and basic routes of the software, further present the technical plan, software functionality and service objects. This software is used to store the anatomic data of musculoskeletal system, that allows the users to enquire and do statistial analysis through the large amount of anatomic data, that guides the doctors to design operative schemes, that provides technical supports for medicine and industry fields.

Rotating packed bed as a novel disinfection contactor for the inactivation of E. coli by ozone.

The intensification of mass transfer and mixing in ozone-based disinfection processes is very important in order to achieve a certain disinfection effect at a reasonable cost. This study employed rotating packed bed (RPB), an efficient process intensification device, as an ozone-disinfection contactor, and its performance on disinfection and mass transfer was evaluated by the inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and mass transfer coefficient (ka).

[Development and Application of the Kinematic Database Software of Lower Limbs Based on Internet].

In current study, we develop a new kinematic database software for lower limbs based on internet. This article present technical features as well as functions of the software, further present the development idea and working process. This software can be used to store kinematic data of lower limbs in any motion state, and take data statistics, from macro perspectives, it works for doctors to improve the clinical treatment level and rehabilitation training, evaluate the motion ability of lower limb of patient, help industry and medical device manufacturers with lower limb prosthesis design, it also can provide technical support to the production's ergonomic design.

Ozonation of polyoxymethylene effluent in a rotating packed bed.

This work aimed to investigate the effectiveness of ozone in degradation of polyoxymethylene (POM) effluent in a rotating packed bed (RPB) (O-RPB system). The degradation efficiency was evaluated in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD) and BOD/COD under various operating conditions. Pilot experiments comprising the O-RPB unit coupled with a biological contact oxidation unit were also carried out.

Morphological and confocal laser scanning microscopic investigations of the adductor muscle-shell interface in scallop.

The challenge of joining dissimilar advanced materials has led researchers around the world to search for new and more efficient solutions. This way, we can highlight the muscle-shell attachment in mollusk, which possessed high strength and toughness. In order to make clear how this "bi-material interface" derives its superior mechanical properties, the morphological features of the adductor muscle scar in Patinopecten yessoensis was investigated by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).