Plasma niacin is inversely associated with hyperlipidemia in participants with diabetes among Chinese adults.

Evidence is limited regarding the association of plasma niacin with the risk of hyperlipidemia in participants with diabetes. We aimed to determine the relationship between plasma niacinamide/nicotinic acid and hyperlipidemia in participants with/without diabetes. Plasma niacinamide/nicotinic acid concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy.

RIG-I is an intracellular checkpoint that limits CD8 T-cell antitumour immunity.

Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is a pattern recognition receptor involved in innate immunity, but its role in adaptive immunity, specifically in the context of CD8 T-cell antitumour immunity, remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that RIG-I is upregulated in tumour-infiltrating CD8 T cells, where it functions as an intracellular checkpoint to negatively regulate CD8 T-cell function and limit antitumour immunity. Mechanistically, the upregulation of RIG-I in CD8 T cells is induced by activated T cells, and directly inhibits the AKT/glycolysis signalling pathway.

Predicting intercellular communication based on metabolite-related ligand-receptor interactions with MRCLinkdb.

Background: Metabolite-associated cell communications play critical roles in maintaining human biological function. However, most existing tools and resources focus only on ligand-receptor interaction pairs where both partners are proteinaceous, neglecting other non-protein molecules. To address this gap, we introduce the MRCLinkdb database and algorithm, which aggregates and organizes data related to non-protein L-R interactions in cell-cell communication, providing a valuable resource for predicting intercellular communication based on metabolite-related ligand-receptor interactions.

Competing endogenous RNA networks were associated with fat accumulation in skeletal muscle of aged male mice.

Muscle aging contributed to morbidity and mortality in the elderly adults by leading to severe outcomes such as frailty, falls and fractures. Post-transcriptional regulation especially competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism may modulate the process of skeletal muscle aging. RNA-seq was performed in quadriceps of 6-month-old (adult) and 22-month-old (aged) male mice to identify differentially expressed ncRNAs and mRNAs and further construct ceRNA networks.

Association of selenium profile with neutralizing antibody response to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Background: Selenium profile has been related with humoral immune response after vaccination, but evidence with regard to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is lacking.

Objective: The current study aimed to examine the relationship between selenium profile and neutralizing antibody response to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Methods: Plasma selenium and selenoprotein P concentrations, neutralizing antibody against the wild-type and Omicron variant were measured at baseline and at 14 days, 98 days after the third dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Spheroid on-demand printing and drug screening of endothelialized hepatocellular carcinoma model at different stages.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a significant threat to human health and medical care. Its dynamic microenvironment and stages of development will influence the treatment strategies in clinics. Reconstructing tumor-microvascular interactions in different stages of the microenvironment is an urgent need fortumor pathology research and drug screening.

Association of urinary phthalate metabolites with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among adults with diabetes mellitus: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2014.

Background: The study regarding phthalate metabolites and mortality among diabetes mellitus (DM) is limited. We aimed to examine the association of urinary phthalate metabolites with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among adults with DM.

Methods: This study included 8,931 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005-2006 to 2013-2014.

Association of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, and E) status with humoral immune response to COVID-19 inactivated vaccination.

Background: Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, and E) are essential for the proper functioning of the immune system and are of central importance for infection risk in humans. Vitamins A, D, and E have been reported to be associated with the immune response following vaccination; however, their effects on the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination remain unknown.

Methods: We measured the neutralizing antibody titers against wild type and omicron within 98 days after the third homologous boosting shot of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac) in 141 healthy adults in a prospective, open-label study.

Plasma Alkylresorcinol Metabolite, a Biomarker for Whole-Grain Intake, Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Case-Control Study of Chinese Adults.

Background: Epidemiologic studies consistently find associations between whole-grain intake and reduced risk of obesity and related metabolic diseases, yet data on the potential of whole grains to prevent fatty liver diseases are scarce.

Objectives: To examine whether plasma 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanoic acid (DHPPA), a biomarker of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: This case-control study of Chinese adults enrolled 940 NAFLD cases and 940 age- and sex-matched non-NAFLD controls (mean age: 55.

Physical Frailty, Genetic Predisposition, and Incident Parkinson Disease.

Importance: Cross-sectional evidence implicates high prevalent frailty in patients with Parkinson disease (PD), whereas the longitudinal association remains unknown.

Objectives: To examine the longitudinal association of the frailty phenotype with the development of PD and to explore the modification role of genetic risk of PD in such an association.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective cohort study launched in 2006 to 2010 with a follow-up of 12 years.

Plasma Transthyretin Levels and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glucose Regulation in a Chinese Population.

Plasma transthyretin may be engaged in glucose regulation. We aimed to investigate the association between plasma transthyretin levels and the risk of newly diagnosed T2DM and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) in a Chinese population. We conducted a case-control study including 1244 newly diagnosed T2DM patients, 837 newly diagnosed IGR patients, and 1244 individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) matched by sex and age.

Associations of Plasma Fatty Acid Patterns During Pregnancy With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Limited studies have explored the difference of fatty acid profile between women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and the results were inconsistent. Individual fatty acids tend to be interrelated because of the shared food sources and metabolic pathways. Thus, whether fatty acid patters during pregnancy were related to GDM odds needs further exploration.

DHPPA, a major plasma alkylresorcinol metabolite reflecting whole-grain wheat and rye intake, and risk of metabolic syndrome: a case-control study.

Purpose: Whole-grain intake assessed through self-reported methods has been suggested to be inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk in epidemiological studies. However, few studies have evaluated the association between whole-grain intake and MetS risk using objective biomarkers of whole-grain intake. The aim of this study was to examine the association between plasma 3-(3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanoic acid (DHPPA), a biomarker of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, and MetS risk in a Chinese population.

Plasma Alkylresorcinol Metabolite, a Biomarker for Whole-Grain Intake, Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Case-Control Study of Chinese Adults.

Background: Epidemiologic studies consistently find associations between whole-grain intake and reduced risk of obesity and related metabolic diseases, yet data on the potential of whole grains to prevent fatty liver diseases are scarce.

Objectives: To examine whether plasma 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanoic acid (DHPPA), a biomarker of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: This case-control study of Chinese adults enrolled 940 NAFLD cases and 940 age- and sex-matched non-NAFLD controls (mean age: 55.

U-shaped association between plasma cobalt levels and type 2 diabetes.

Aims: We aimed to investigate the association of plasma cobalt with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) and further explore the potential interaction effects between cobalt and several redox metals, such as manganese, copper and selenium.

Design: A large case-control study including 4564 subjects was conducted. 2282 cases with newly diagnosed T2D and 2282 controls were matched by sex and age.

Association between plasma uric acid and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: A Mendelian randomization analysis.

Objective: Circulating uric acid levels were associated with insulin resistance, but the causality is unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between plasma uric acid and insulin resistance in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: We enrolled 1,938 patients who underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test.

Association of Gut Microbiota-Dependent Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide with First Ischemic Stroke.

Aim: We aimed to investigate the relationship of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) concentrations with ischemic stroke in a large-scale case-control study conducted among the hospital-based general population.

Methods: We recruited 953 case-control sex- and age-matched pairs, and cases were confined to first acute ischemic stroke in this study. Fasting plasma TMAO was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy.

Diverse Associations of Plasma Selenium Concentrations and SELENOP Gene Polymorphism with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components.

The relationship between selenium and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been discussed controversially, and limited studies have examined the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms in selenoproteins genes with MetS. Hence, to examine the associations of plasma selenium concentrations and selenoprotein P rs7579 polymorphism with MetS, a case-control study of 1279 MetS cases and 1279 sex- and age- (±2 years) matched controls was conducted based on the baseline data of the Tongji-Ezhou Cohort study. Plasma selenium concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Association of plasma β-amyloid 40 and 42 concentration with type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults.

Aims/hypothesis: There is evidence for a bidirectional association between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Plasma β-amyloid (Aβ) is a potential biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. We aimed to investigate the association of plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 with risk of type 2 diabetes.

Plasma alkylresorcinol metabolite, a biomarker of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, and risk of ischemic stroke: a case-control study.

Background: Epidemiologic studies on whole grains and risk of stroke have reported inconsistent results, with some suggesting a protective effect but others showing a null association.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine whether plasma 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanoic acid (DHPPA), a biomarker of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, is associated with risk of ischemic stroke.

Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted between March 2011 and May 2016.

Association between plasma concentration of copper and gestational diabetes mellitus.

Background & Aims: Emerging findings have raised concerns about significant associations between excessive copper (Cu) and abnormal glucose metabolism. Nevertheless, related researches on the relationship of Cu concentration and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are limited. The objective of this study was to determine whether plasma Cu concentration is associated with GDM.

Procyanidins Extracted from Lotus Seedpod Ameliorate Amyloid--Induced Toxicity in Rat Pheochromocytoma Cells.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by extracellular senile plaque deposits, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal apoptosis. Amyloid- (A) plays a critical role in AD that may cause oxidative stress and downregulation of CREB/BDNF signaling. Anti-A effect has been discussed as a potential therapeutic strategy for AD.

Plasma concentration of trimethylamine-N-oxide and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Background: The microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been reported as a novel and independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, but the association with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between plasma TMAO concentration and GDM in a 2-phase study.

Design: A 2-phase design was used in the current study.

Plasma Alkylresorcinol Metabolite, a Biomarker of Whole-Grain Wheat and Rye Intake, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Regulation in a Chinese Population.

Objective: To examine the association of plasma alkylresorcinol metabolite 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanoic acid (DHPPA), a biomarker of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) in a Chinese population.

Research Design And Methods: A total of 1,060 newly diagnosed T2D patients, 736 newly diagnosed IGR patients, and 1,443 control subjects with normal glucose tolerance were recruited in the case-control study. Plasma DHPPA concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy.