Glucose oxidase and ruthenium nanorods-embedded self-healing polyvinyl alcohol/polyethylene imine hydrogel for simultaneous photothermal/photodynamic/starvation therapy and skin reconstruction.

Tumor recurrence and wound healing represent significant burdens for tumor patients after the surgical removal of melanomas. Wound dressings with wound healing and anticancer therapeutic abilities could help to solve these issues. Thus, a hybrid hydrogel made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene imine (PEI) was prepared by cross-linking imine bond and boronic acid bond.

Erratum to: Black phosphorus nanosheets and paclitaxel encapsulated hydrogel for synergistic photothermal-chemotherapy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2021-0089.].

Palladium nanoparticle based smart hydrogels for NIR light-triggered photothermal/photodynamic therapy and drug release with wound healing capability.

Tumor recurrence and wound repair are two major challenges following cancer surgical resection that can be addressed through precision nanomedicine. Herein, palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) with photothermal and photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT) capacity were successfully synthesized. The Pd NPs were loaded with chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) to form hydrogels (Pd/DOX@hydrogel) as a smart anti-tumor platform.

Silica Nanoparticles with Virus-Mimetic Spikes Enable Efficient siRNA Delivery In Vitro and In Vivo.

Oligonucleotide-based therapy has experienced remarkable development in the past 2 decades, but its broad applications are severely hampered by delivery vectors. Widely used viral vectors and lipid nanovectors are suffering from immune clearance after repeating usage or requiring refrigerated transportation and storage, respectively. In this work, amino-modified virus-mimetic spike silica nanoparticles (NH-SSNs) were fabricated using a 1-pot surfactant-free approach with controlled spike lengths, which were demonstrated with excellent delivery performance and biosafety in nearly all cell types and mice.

Robust boron nanoplatform provokes potent tumoricidal activities via inhibiting heat shock protein.

Near-infrared (NIR)-light-triggered photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising treatment for breast cancer. However, its therapeutic efficiency is often compromised due to the heat-induced up-regulation of heat shock proteins, which confer photothermal resistance. To solve this urgent problem, PEGylated two-dimensional boron nanosheets (B-PEG)-which allow both multimodal imaging and photothermal conversion-were loaded with gambogic acid (GA), which can inhibit heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90).

Light-induced tumor theranostics based on chemical-exfoliated borophene.

Among 2D materials (Xenes) which are at the forefront of research activities, borophene, is an exciting new entry due to its uniquely varied optical, electronic, and chemical properties in many polymorphic forms with widely varying band gaps including the lightest 2D metallic phase. In this paper, we used a simple selective chemical etching to prepare borophene with a strong near IR light-induced photothermal effect. The photothermal efficiency is similar to plasmonic Au nanoparticles, with the added benefit of borophene being degradable due to electron deficiency of boron.

ClC-3 silencing mediates lysosomal acidification arrest and autophagy inhibition to sensitize chemo-photothermal therapy.

Protective autophagy can be activated by external stimuli such as chemotherapy (CT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), leading to tumour resistance. As a key subcellular for autophagy, lysosomal dysfunction is crucial for autophagy suppression. Furthermore, lysosomal drug sequestration enhances basic drug resistance such as doxorubicin (DOX), which is trapped away from its target site, namely, the nucleus.

Biodistribution, degradability and clearance of 2D materials for their biomedical applications.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have evolved to be a class of rapidly advancing chemical entities in the biomedical field. Nevertheless, potential side effects and safety concerns severely limit their clinical translation. After administration, 2D materials cross multiple biological barriers and are distributed throughout the body.

A CRISPR/Cas12a-empowered surface plasmon resonance platform for rapid and specific diagnosis of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2.

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic was partially due to the challenge of identifying asymptomatic and presymptomatic carriers of the virus, and thus highlights a strong motivation for diagnostics with high sensitivity that can be rapidly deployed. On the other hand, several concerning SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron, are required to be identified as soon as the samples are identified as 'positive'. Unfortunately, a traditional PCR test does not allow their specific identification.

CRISPR-Cas12a-Empowered Electrochemical Biosensor for Rapid and Ultrasensitive Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The gold standard method for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 depends on quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction till now, which is time-consuming and requires expensive instrumentation, and the confirmation of variants relies on further sequencing techniques. Herein, we first proposed a robust technique-methodology of electrochemical CRISPR sensing with the advantages of rapid, highly sensitivity and specificity for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 variant.

Recent Advances in 2D Layered Phosphorous Compounds.

2D layered phosphorous compounds (2D LPCs) have led to explosion of research interest in recent years. With the diversity of valence states of phosphorus, 2D LPCs exist in various material types and possess many novel physical and chemical properties. These properties, including widely adjustable range of bandgap, diverse electronic properties covering metal, semimetal, semiconductor and insulator, together with inherent magnetism and ferroelectricity at atomic level, render 2D LPCs greatly promising in the applications of electronics, spintronics, broad-spectrum optoelectronics, high-performance catalysts, and energy storage, etc.

2D materials for bone therapy.

Due to their prominent physicochemical properties, 2D materials are broadly applied in biomedicine. Currently, 2D materials have achieved great success in treating many diseases such as cancer and tissue engineering as well as bone therapy. Based on their different characteristics, 2D materials could function in various ways in different bone diseases.

Recent advances in the development of nanomedicines for the treatment of ischemic stroke.

Ischemic stroke is still a serious threat to human life and health, but there are few therapeutic options available to treat stroke because of limited blood-brain penetration. The development of nanotechnology may overcome some of the problems related to traditional drug development. In this review, we focus on the potential applications of nanotechnology in stroke.

Smart nano-micro platforms for ophthalmological applications: The state-of-the-art and future perspectives.

Smart nano-micro platforms have been extensively applied for diverse biomedical applications, mostly focusing on cancer therapy. In comparison with conventional nanotechnology, the smart nano-micro matrix can exhibit specific response to exogenous or endogenous triggers, and thus can achieve multiple functions e.g.

2D Nanomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Nanomedicines: Recent Advances and Future Challenges.

Regenerative medicine has become one of the hottest research topics in medical science that provides a promising way for repairing tissue defects in the human body. Due to their excellent physicochemical properties, the application of 2D nanomaterials in regenerative medicine has gradually developed and has been attracting a wide range of research interests in recent years. In particular, graphene and its derivatives, black phosphorus, and transition metal dichalcogenides are applied in all the aspects of tissue engineering to replace or restore tissues.

Prodrug-Loaded Zirconium Carbide Nanosheets as a Novel Biophotonic Nanoplatform for Effective Treatment of Cancer.

Conventional chemotherapy and photothermal therapy (PTT) face many major challenges, including systemic toxicity, low bioavailability, ineffective tissue penetration, chemotherapy/hyperthermia-induced inflammation, and tumor angiogenesis. A versatile nanomedicine offers an exciting opportunity to circumvent the abovementioned limitations for their successful translation into clinical practice. Here, a promising biophotonic nanoplatform is developed based on the zirconium carbide (ZrC) nanosheet as a deep PTT-photosensitizer and on-demand designed anticancer prodrug SN38-Nif, which is released and activated by photothermia and tumor-overexpressed esterase.

Rapid prediction of drug inhibition under heat stress: single-photon imaging combined with a convolutional neural network.

A method of predicting cellular drug inhibition due to heat stress is presented. Black phosphorus nanosheets are used as photothermal agents to induce stress granule formation in tumor cells. The addition of different drugs induces different thermal stress responses.

Immunogenic exosome-encapsulated black phosphorus nanoparticles as an effective anticancer photo-nanovaccine.

Tumor vaccines are a promising form of cancer immunotherapy, but difficulties such as neo-antigen identification, activation of immune cells, and tumor infiltration prevent their clinical breakthrough. Interestingly, nanotechnology-based photothermal therapy (PTT) has great potential to overcome these barriers. Previous studies have shown that serum exosomes (hEX) from hyperthermia-treated tumor-bearing mice displayed an array of patient-specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), and strong immunoregulatory abilities in promoting dendritic cell (DC) differentiation and maturation.

Liquid-phase exfoliation of black sesame to create a nanoplatform for photoluminescence and photothermal therapy.

The present study aims to apply the facile liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) strategy to fabricate 2D organic materials and thus to broaden the family of biocompatible and multifunctional 2D materials. 2D material-organic melanin and cellulose nanosheets were synthesized from black sesame hull using LPE. Photoluminescence and photothermal properties of the nanosheets were assessed, as well as stability and cell killing ability.

Recent advances of two-dimensional materials in smart drug delivery nano-systems.

Smart drug delivery nano-systems show significant changes in their physical or chemical properties in response to slight change in environmental physical and/or chemical signals, and further releasing drugs adjusted to the progression of the disease at the right target and rate intelligently. Two-dimensional materials possess dramatic status extend all over various scientific and technological disciplines by reason of their exceptional unique properties in application of smart drug delivery nano-systems. In this review, we summarized current progress to highlight various kinds of two-dimensional materials drug carriers which are widely explored in smart drug delivery systems as well as classification of stimuli responsive two-dimensional materials and the advantages and disadvantages of their applications.

Emerging combination strategies with phototherapy in cancer nanomedicine.

Optical techniques using developed laser and optical devices have made a profound impact on modern medicine, with "biomedical optics" becoming an emerging field. Sophisticated technologies have been developed in cancer nanomedicine, such as photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy, among others. However, single-mode phototherapy cannot completely treat persistent tumors, with the challenges of relapse or metastasis remaining; therefore, combinatorial strategies are being developed.

ROS-Mediated Selective Killing Effect of Black Phosphorus: Mechanistic Understanding and Its Guidance for Safe Biomedical Applications.

Black phosphorus (BP)-based nanomaterials have distinguished advantages and potential applications in various biomedical fields. However, their biological effects in physiological systems remain largely unexplored. Here, we systematically revealed a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mechanism for the selective killing of cancer cells by BP-based nanosheets.