[Alterations of respiratory resistance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome].

Objective: To evaluate the association between the components of airway resistance and severity of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).

Methods: A total of 234 patients with snoring during sleep underwent full-night polysomnography in our center between January, 2015 and September, 2017. According to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) scores, the patients were divided into non-OSAHS group (AHI scores <5), mild or moderate OSAHS group (5-30) group, and severe OSAHS group (>30).

[One-hour post-load plasma glucose: a better indicator of glucose metabolism for obstructive sleep apnea?].

Objective: To assess the value of blood glucose at different time points in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), particularly one?hour post load plasma glucose (1 hPG), in evaluating glucose metabolism in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: Eighty nine adultswith newly diagnosed OSA were analyzed retrospectively for sleep architecture assessed using polysomnography and glucose metabolism assessed by OGTT at different time points (0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min). Pearson's correlatives and multiple linear regression models were established to investigate the correlations between glucose metabolism and other indices including sleep architecture, apnea hypopnea index (AHI), mean and lowest oxygen saturation (MSO and LSO) and obesity measurements.

The relationship between apnoea hypopnoea index and Gensini score in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing emergency primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Background: Sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome (SAHS) is characterised by repetitive nocturnal hypoxemia and has a high prevalence among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). But there are few studies on patients with AMI undergoing emergency primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). In this study, we want to find the prevalence of SAHS among patients with AMI undergoing emergency pPCI and determine whether SAHS would worsen the condition among these people, and especially affect the damage degree of the coronary artery.

[Severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome with latent renal dysfunction: analysis of 238 cases].

Objective: To evaluate the association between severity of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) without chronic kidney disease (CKD) and serum cystatin C.

Methods: A total of 238 patients with snoring during sleep admitted between January 2012 and June 2015 underwent full-night polysomnography for diagnosis of OSAHS. The patients were divided according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) scores into simple snoring group (AHI<5) and mild (AHI, 5-15), moderate (AHI, 15-30), and severe OSAHS (AHI>30) groups.

A Nomogram for Predicting the Likelihood of Obstructive Sleep Apnea to Reduce the Unnecessary Polysomnography Examinations.

Background: The currently available polysomnography (PSG) equipments and operating personnel are facing increasing pressure, such situation may result in the problem that a large number of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients cannot receive timely diagnosis and treatment, we sought to develop a nomogram quantifying the risk of OSA for a better decision of using PSG, based on the clinical syndromes and the demographic and anthropometric characteristics.

Methods: The nomogram was constructed through an ordinal logistic regression procedure. Predictive accuracy and performance characteristics were assessed with the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics and calibration plots, respectively.

[Role of inflammation factors in impaired glucose tolerance and sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome in pregnant women].

Objective: To investigate the possible role of inflammation factors in the pathogenesis of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) with concurrent obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in pregnant women.

Methods: Twenty-five pregnant women with IGT and concurrent OSAHS and 35 pregnant women with IGT but not OSAHS were monitored for all night polysomnography (PSG), and the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and the lowest pulse oxygen saturation (LSpO2) were recorded. The body mass index, glycated serum protein (GSP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured in these women.

[Immune function changes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome].

Objective: To explore the potential changes in the immune function of patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).

Methods: We carried out a retrospective cross-sectional study of 187 patients with established OSAHS and 20 healthy subjects (control). For all the patients, the medical history was carefully examined, and overnight sleep monitoring was carried out with detection of the humoral and cellular immunity.

[Relation of advanced oxidation protein products with VEGF and TGF-β1 in colon cancer cells exposed to intermittent hypoxia].

Objective: To investigate the association of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) with oxidative stress in colon cancer cells exposed to intermittent hypoxia (IH).

Methods: Colon cancer SW480 cells were exposed to IH, continuous hypoxia, or normoxia. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to examine the levels of AOPP and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), xanthine oxidase assay was used to determine malonaldehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay were performed for detection of transforming growth factor-β(1) (TGF-β(1)) expression.

[Alteration of telomere length of the peripheral white blood cells in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome].

Objective: To study the alteration of telomere length of the peripheral white blood cells in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and explore its significance.

Methods: The DNA was extracted from the peripheral white blood cells of 11 patients with OSAS and 10 normal subjects matched for age and gender, and the T/S ratio was measured by fluorescence quantitative PCR.

Results: The T/S ratio in the peripheral white blood cells of patients with OSAS was obviously lower than that of the normal subjects (P<0.

Effect of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on serum C-reactive protein level, left atrial size and premature atrial contraction.

Objective: To assess the changes of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level, left atrial size and atrial premature contraction (PAC) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Methods: This study involved 277 patients with OSAS diagnosed after an overnight polysomnography, who underwent a 24-h Holter electrocardiography and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for detection of PAC. According to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), 137 patients with PAC identified from these patients were classified into 3 groups, namely the mild (5≥AHI<15), moderate (15≥AHI<30) and severe (AHI≥30) groups.

[Correlation between sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome and preeclampsia and the possible pathogenesis of preeclampsia].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) and preeclampsia and the possible pathogenesis of the latter.

Methods: Twenty-five healthy pregnant women, 43 pregnant women with preeclampsia, and 27 with preeclampsia complicated by SAHS were enrolled in this study. Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and the lowest arterial oxygen saturation (LSaO2) were measured through a 7-hour polysomnography (PSG), and the maternal age, gestational age, body mass index and 24-hour urine protein were recorded.

[Effect of terbutaline on sodium transport in alveolar type I and type II cells].

Objective: To explore the effect of terbutaline on sodium transport in rat alveolar type I (ATI) and type II (ATII) cells of rats.

Methods: The whole cell currents were recorded from ATII cells isolated from rat lungs perfused with or without amiloride (inhibitor of epithelial sodium channel) and ZnCl(2) (inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel) in the whole cell recording mode using the patch-clamp technique. The effect of terbutaline on the currents was examined.

[Clinical application of the Epworth sleepiness score in pregnant women with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome].

Objective: To provide a convenient method for screening obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in pregnant women.

Methods: Seventy-eight pregnant women with suspected OSAHS were calculated for the EP index using Epworth sleepiness score (ESS) with also measurement of the neck circumference (NC) and body mass index (BMI). The apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) was calculated and the lowest SaO(2) (LSaO(2)) measured through a 7-h polysomnography (PSG).

[Effect of MAPK signal transduction pathway inhibitor U0126 on aquaporin 4 expression in alveolar type II cells in rats with oleic acid-induced acute lung injury].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in alveolar type II (AT-II) cells and MAPK signaling pathway in rats with early-stage oleic acid-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Methods: Three groups of rats, namely the normal control, ALI and U0126 treatment group were used in this study. After oleic acid-induced ALI in the latter two groups, the rats in the treatment group received 100 micromol/L U0126 treatment at the dose of 10 micro, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were given in the normal control and ALI groups.

[Changes of the sodium channel in alveolar type II cells in pulmonary water transport in rats with oleic acid-induced acute lung injury].

Objective: To determine the capability of alveolar fluid clearance and the changes of sodium channel in alveolar type II cells (ATII) in oleic acid-induced acute lung injury.

Methods: Forty four male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into a control group and an acute lung injury (ALI) group, with 22 rats in each group. The ALI model was established by oleic acid.

[Role of epithelial sodium channel alpha subunit in terbutaline-induced transient enhancement of pulmonary edema clearance in adult rats with acute lung injury].

Objective: To explore the association of epithelial sodium channel alpha subunit (alphaENaC) with terbutaline-induced transient enhancement of pulmonary edema clearance in adult rats with acute lung injury (ALI).

Methods: The effect of 1-h intratracheal terbutaline treatment on pulmonary edema clearance in adult rats with experimental ALI was observed by blood gas analysis, lung tissue HE staining, and extravascular lung water (EVLW) content measurement. The mRNA and protein expressions of alphaENaC in the lung tissues were detected by fluorescence quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively.

[Correlation between white matter lesion and memory impairment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome].

Objective: To investigate the nature of white matter lesion and correlation to memory impairment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) by diffusion tensor imaging ( DTI).

Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 20 middle-aged male people (10 with OSAS and 10 healthy controls) group-matched by age, educational level, and socioeconomic status. DTI was performed on those people with OSAS and on matched controls.

[Epithelial sodium channel subunit mRNA expression in acutely isolated rat alveolar type II cells].

Objective: To investigate the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) subunit mRNA expression in acutely isolated rat alveolar type II (ATII) cells.

Methods: Acutely isolated ATII cells from 20 SD rats were purified and ENaC alpha, beta, gamma-subunit mRNA levels were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results: mRNA expressions of all the subunits were detected in the ATII cells, and ENaC alpha-subunit mRNA showed significantly higher expression than beta- and gamma-subunit mRNAs, and the expressions of the latter two mRNAs were comparable.

[Role of AQP-4 in pulmonary water metabolism in rats in early stage of oleic acid-induced acute lung injury].

Objective: To evaluate the capacity of alveolar type II (AT II) cells for water and sodium transport in rats with early-stage oleic acid-induced acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Methods: AT II cells were isolated and purified from rats with ALI/ARDS induced by oleic acid, and their morphology was observed using electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The extravascular lung water (EVLW) content in the rats was measured by gravimetric method.

[Alveolar fluid clearance and changes of alveolar type II cell cAMP and cGMP levels in rats with oleic acid-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome].

Objective: To observe the changes of the levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in acutely isolated alveolar type II (ATII) cells from rats with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and test the effects of terbutaline on the cAMP and cGMP levels.

Methods: SD rats were randomized into the control, ARDS, and terbutaline treatment groups, in which the cAMP and cGMP contents in the ATII cells were measured using radioimmunoassay, and the extravascular lung water (EVLW) content was quantified with gravimetric measurement.

Results: The cAMP level in the ATII cells was significantly lowered whereas cGMP level and EVLW content increased in rats with oleic acid-induced ARDS.

[Aquaporin and Na+ transport of alveolar type II cells in rats with oleic acid-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome].

Objective: To evaluate the capacity of active water and sodium transport of alveolar type II (AT II cells in rats with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Methods: AT II cells were isolated and purified from rats with ARDS, and the distribution of aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) on the cells was observed by immunocytochemistry, immunoelectron microscopy and Western blotting. The sodium currents were detected by patch-clamp technique in whole-cell recording mode.

[Sodium transport of alveolar type II cells in oleic acid-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome].

Objective: To observe the changes of sodium transport of alveolar type II cells in oleic acid-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Methods: After isolation of the AT II cells as ARDS model induced by oleic acid, the whole cell sodium current was recorded in 5 h with patch-clamp in whole-cell mode. The effect of beta2-agonist terbutaline on the current was also examined.

[Sodium transport and its regulation of acutely isolated alveolar type II cells].

Objective: To observe the sodium current of acutely isolated alveolar type II cells and its regulation.

Methods: After isolation the AT II cells, the whole cell sodium current were recorded in 5 hours with patch-clamp in whole-cell mode, and the effect of amiloride and terbutaline on the current was investigated.

Results: The amiloride-sensitive current of AT II cells were recorded, which could be obviously stimulated by terbutaline.

[Expression of aquaporin-4 in isolated and purified rat alveolar type II cells].

Objective: To explore the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in isolated and purified rat alveolar type II cells.

Methods: Rat alveolar type II cells were isolated, purified and identified by special staining and electron microscopy. The distribution of AQP4 in alveolar type II cells was observed by immunocytochemistry and immunoelectron microscope with affinity-purified antibodies to human AQP4.

Ultrastructure of type II alveolar epithelial cells in rats with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Objective: To observe the ultrastructure of type II alveolar epithelium cells of rats with experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Methods: Rat models of ARDS were established via oleic acid injection, and the type II alveolar epithelium was isolated and purified to observe the changes in the ultrastructure of the cells under transmission electron microscope.

Results: Observation under transmission electron microscope revealed evidently decreased lamellar bodies in type II alveolar epithelial cells leading to vacuolation in rats with ARDS.