Applications of Ene-Reductases in the Synthesis of Flavors and Fragrances.

Flavors and fragrances (F&F) are interesting organic compounds in chemistry. These compounds are widely used in the food, cosmetic, and medical industries. Enzymatic synthesis exhibits several advantages over natural extraction and chemical preparation, including a high yield, stable quality, mildness, and environmental friendliness.

Theoretical Analysis of Selectivity Differences in Ketoreductases toward Aldehyde and Ketone Carbonyl Groups.

alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and ketoreductase from . CA49 (KRED12) exhibit different chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity toward a substrate with both keto and aldehyde carbonyl groups. ADH selectively reduces the keto carbonyl group while retaining the aldehyde carbonyl group, producing optically pure -alcohols.

Optimization of green deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction of Willd. husks saponins by response surface methodology and their antioxidant activities.

Quinoa saponins have outstanding activity, and there are an increasing number of extraction methods, but there are few research programs on green preparation technology. The extraction conditions of quinoa saponins with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were optimized by single-factor experiments combined with response surface methodology. The antioxidant capacity of saponins extracted by DESs and traditional methods was evaluated by the DPPH clearance rate, iron ion chelation rate and potassium ferricyanide reducing power.

[Therapeutic effect of Jinghuosu on oligospermia and asthenospermia.].

Objective: To investigate the effects of the compound preparation Jinghuosu on oligospermia and asthenospermia.

Methods: This multi-centered clinical study included 120 cases of mild to moderate idiopathic oligospermia or asthenospermia, all treated with oral Jinghuosu once a bag, bid, for 3 successive months. Before and at 1, 2 and 3 months after treatment, we detected sperm concentration, total sperm motility, progressive sperm motility and normal sperm morphology of each ejaculate, and recorded whether the patients had any adverse reactions.

Prevalent false positives of azoospermia factor a (AZFa) microdeletions caused by single-nucleotide polymorphism rs72609647 in the sY84 screening of male infertility.

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been widely used to detect Y-chromosome microdeletions, which is one of the major causes of male infertility. Both the European Academy of Andrology (EAA) and the European Molecular Genetics Quality Network (EMQN) have recommended the use of sY84 and sY86 markers for the detection of azoospermia factor a (AZFa) microdeletion during DNA testing for male infertility. In this study, a large-scale analysis of AZF microdeletion in a total of 630 Chinese males, including healthy semen donors (n=200), infertile males with normal sperm count (n=226) and patients with either nonobstructive azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia (n=204), was performed.