Novel natural killer cell-based therapies for hematologic and solid malignancies: latest updates from ASCO 2024.

Natural killer (NK) cell-based therapies have made great progress in treating both hematological and solid tumors. Their unique mechanism of action does not rely on antigen presentation to recognize and eliminate tumor cells, making them a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the latest clinical data of the novel NK cell-based therapies from the 2024 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting, highlighting the potential of these advancements to revolutionize the treatment of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.

Development and validation of a TAAbs and TAAs based non-invasive model for diagnosing lung cancer.

Background: Single Tumor-associated autoantibodies (TAAbs) and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) have been found to have lower diagnostic efficacy in lung cancer. Our objective is to develop and validate a lung cancer prediction model that utilizes TAAbs and TAAs and to enhance the accuracy of lung cancer detection.

Methods: 1830 subjects were randomly divided into training and validation sets at a 7:3 ratio for this study.

Peptides Derived from the SARS-CoV-2 S2-Protein Heptad-Repeat-2 Inhibit Pseudoviral Fusion at Micromolar Concentrations: The Role of Palmitic Acid Conjugation.

SARS-CoV-2 S-protein-mediated fusion is thought to involve the interaction of the membrane-distal or N-terminal heptad repeat (NHR) ("HR1") of the cleaved S2 segment of the protein and the membrane-proximal or C-terminal heptad repeat (CHR) ("HR2") regions of the protein. We examined the fusion inhibitory activity of a PEGylated HR2-derived peptide and its palmitoylated derivative using a pseudovirus infection assay. The latter peptide caused a 76% reduction in fusion activity at 10 µM.

AKIML: An interpretable machine learning model for predicting acute kidney injury within seven days in critically ill patients based on a prospective cohort study.

Background: Early recognition and timely intervention for AKI in critically ill patients were crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to use biomarkers to construct a optimal machine learning model for early prediction of AKI in critically ill patients within seven days.

Methods: The prospective cohort study enrolled 929 patients altogether who were admitted in ICU including 680 patients in training set (Jiefang Campus) and 249 patients in external testing set (Binjiang Campus).

Venetoclax-based therapy for relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia: latest updates from the 2023 ASH annual meeting.

Patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) often exhibit limited responses to traditional chemotherapy, resulting in poor prognosis. The combination of venetoclax (VEN) with hypomethylating agents has been established as the standard treatment for elderly or medically unfit AML patients unable to undergo intensive chemotherapy. Despite this, the availability of novel VEN-based therapies specifically tailored for those with R/R AML remains scarce.

Sequence-Guided Localization of DNA Hybridization Enables Highly Selective and Robust Genotyping.

Genetic variations are always related to human diseases or susceptibility to therapies. Nucleic acid probes that precisely distinguish closely related sequences become an indispensable requisite both in research and clinical applications. Here, a Sequence-guided DNA LOCalization for leaKless DNA detection (SeqLOCK) is introduced as a technique for DNA hybridization, where the intended targets carrying distinct "guiding sequences" act selectively on the probes.

Emerging proteins involved in castration‑resistant prostate cancer via the AR‑dependent and AR‑independent pathways (Review).

Despite achieving optimal initial responses to androgen deprivation therapy, most patients with prostate cancer eventually progress to a poor prognosis state known as castration‑resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Currently, there is a notable absence of reliable early warning biomarkers and effective treatment strategies for these patients. Although androgen receptor (AR)‑independent pathways have been discovered and acknowledged in recent years, the AR signaling pathway continues to play a pivotal role in the progression of CRPC.

Exosomal miR-222-3p contributes to castration-resistant prostate cancer by activating mTOR signaling.

Despite the clinical benefits of androgen deprivation therapy, most patients with advanced androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) eventually relapse and progress to lethal androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC), also termed castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). MiRNAs can be packaged into exosomes (Exos) and shuttled between cells. However, the roles and mechanisms of exosomal miRNAs involved in CRPC progression have not yet been fully elucidated.

How to better select SARS-CoV-2 preservation solution of virus nucleic acid testing.

Background: Sampling and testing for SARS-CoV-2 is a widely recognized method for identifying patients with COVID-19. However, there is limited research available on the stability of nucleic acids in viral storage solutions.

Methods: This paper investigates the components that provide better protection for virus and nucleic acid detection.

Clinical evaluation of a multitarget fecal immunochemical test-sDNA test for colorectal cancer screening in a high-risk population: a prospective, multicenter clinical study.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major malignancy threatening the health of people in China and screening could be effective for preventing the occurrence and reducing the mortality of CRC. We conducted a multicenter, prospective clinical study which recruited 4,245 high-risk CRC individuals defined as having positive risk-adapted scores or fecal immunochemical test (FIT) results, to evaluate the clinical performance of the multitarget fecal immunochemical and stool DNA (FIT-sDNA) test for CRC screening. Each participant was asked to provide a stool sample prior to bowel preparation, and FIT-sDNA test and FIT were performed independently of colonoscopy.

Venetoclax-based therapy for relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia: latest updates from the 2022 ASH annual meeting.

Venetoclax (VEN), the first selective Bcl-2 inhibitor, has shown efficacy and safety both as monotherapy and in combination with other agents in the treatment of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), while its role in relapsed or refractory (R/R) disease is not well defined. Here, we reviewed the latest advances of VEN-based therapy for R/R AML from the 2022 American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting, including some novel and encouraging regimes, such as VCA, VAH, and HAM regimes, etc. Further research is still needed to fully understand the optimal use of these agents in R/R AML treatment.

New insights into lipid metabolism and prostate cancer (Review).

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant tumor of the male urological system and poses a severe threat to the survival of middle‑aged and elderly males worldwide. The development and progression of PCa are affected by a variety of biological processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and the maintenance of membrane homeostasis of PCa cells. The present review summarizes recent research advances in lipid (fatty acid, cholesterol and phospholipid) metabolic pathways in PCa.

Encapsulation Efficiency and Functional Stability of Cinnamon Essential Oil in Modified -cyclodextrins: In Vitro and In Silico Evidence.

Essential oils (EOs) have good natural antioxidant and antimicrobial properties; however, their volatility, intense aroma, poor aqueous solubility, and chemical instability limit their applications in the food industry. The encapsulation of EOs in -cyclodextrins (-CDs) is a widely accepted strategy for enhancing EO applications. The complexation of cinnamon essential oil (CEO) with five types of -CDs, containing different substituent groups (-CD with primary hydroxyl, Mal--CD with maltosyl, CM--CD with carboxymethyl, HP--CD with hydroxypropyl, and DM--CD with methyl), inclusion process behaviors, volatile components, and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the solid complexes were studied.

Adefovir dipivoxil inhibits APL progression through degradation of the oncoprotein PML-RARA.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is highly aggressive and is frequently associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation and high early death rates. Although all-trans retinoic acid (RA) induces complete remission in a high proportion of patients with APL, there are limited treatments for APL patients with RA resistance. Here we report an atypical APL patient, with an APL-like disease that developed very slowly without anti-leukemia therapy for nearly 2 years.

Comprehensive analysis of fifteen hub genes to identify a promising diagnostic model, regulated networks, and immune cell infiltration in acute kidney injury.

Background: Acute kidney injury is a common clinical problem with no sensitive and specific diagnostic biomarkers and definitive treatments. The underlying molecular mechanisms of acute kidney injury are unclear. Therefore, it is pivotal to explore the underlying mechanisms and screen for novel diagnostic biomarkers, and therapeutic targets.

Different patterns of exosomal α-synuclein between Parkinson's disease and probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder.

Background And Purpose: The insidious onset of Parkinson's disease (PD) makes early diagnosis difficult. Notably, idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) was reported as a prodrome of PD, which may represent a breakthrough for the early diagnosis of PD. However, currently there is no reliable biomarker for PD diagnosis.

Identification and Validation of Three Hub Genes Involved in Cell Proliferation and Prognosis of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Background: The acquisition of castration resistance is lethal and inevitable in most prostate cancer patients under hormone therapy. However, effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets for castration-resistant prostate cancer remain to be defined.

Methods: Comprehensive bioinformatics tools were used to screen hub genes in castration-resistant prostate cancer and were verified in androgen-dependent prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer in TCGA and the SU2C/PCF Dream Team database, respectively.

[Corrigendum] RON and c‑Met facilitate metastasis through the ERK signaling pathway in prostate cancer cells.

Subsequently to the publication of the above article, the authors have discovered that the version of Fig. 5 included in the paper was an incorrect version, and that two pairs of data panels were inadvertently included in Fig. 6D (the data panels for the NC+migration and NC+HGF+U0126+invasion experiments for the PC3 cells, and the data panels for the NC+invasion and NC+HGF+U0126+invasion experiments for the DU145 cells) that contained overlapping data derived from the same source.

Emerging Proteins in CRPC: Functional Roles and Clinical Implications.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men in the western world, but the lack of specific and sensitive markers often leads to overtreatment of prostate cancer which eventually develops into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Novel protein markers for diagnosis and management of CRPC will be promising. In this review, we systematically summarize and discuss the expression pattern of emerging proteins in tissue, cell lines, and serum when castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC) progresses to CRPC; focus on the proteins involved in CRPC growth, invasion, metastasis, metabolism, and immune microenvironment; summarize the current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of emerging proteins in CSPC progressed to CRPC at the molecular level; and finally summarize the clinical applications of emerging proteins as diagnostic marker, prognostic marker, predictive marker, and therapeutic marker.

1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-tetrazole-5-thione as a leveler for acid copper electroplating of microvia.

Microvia filling by copper electroplating was performed using plating solution with 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-tetrazole-5-thione (HPTT) as the leveler. Galvanostatic Measurements (GMs), Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) tests were carried out to investigate the electrochemical behaviors of HPTT and its synergistic effect with other additives, in comparison with 1-phenyltetrazole-5-thione (PMT). GMs showed a convection-dependent interaction between PEP and HPTT.

Machine Learning Reveals a Multipredictor Nomogram for Diagnosing the Alzheimer's Disease Based on Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for Total Tau in Plasma.

Background: Predicting amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) in conversion and Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a daunting task. Standard diagnostic procedures for AD population are reliant on neuroimaging features (positron emission tomography, PET), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (Aβ1-42, T-tau, P-tau), which are expensive or require invasive sampling. The blood-based biomarkers offer the opportunity to provide an alternative approach for easy diagnosis of AD, which would be a less invasive and cost-effective screening tool than currently approved CSF or amyloid β positron emission tomography (PET) biomarkers.

Prevalence of Histamine-Forming Bacteria in Two Kinds of Salted Fish at Town Markets of Guangdong Province of South China.

Abstract: Histamine-forming bacteria (HFB) were isolated from the 70 salted fish samples bought from town markets of Guangdong Province of south China. In addition, the histamine-forming ability of HFB was analyzed. There were 31 strains of HFB isolated from 36 salted fish pickled overnight.

Interaction between bacterial diversity and biogenic amines production in a salted mackerel stored at soft frozen (-7℃-0℃) storage.

The bacterial diversity of salted mackerel "one-night courtyard" at soft frozen area (-7℃-0℃) storage was studied. The fish samples at 0, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days were analysis for bacterial structure using high-throughput sequencing technologies (HTS) and biogenic amines using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analysis results of HTS showed that the dominant bacteria species was varied gradually following with storage time.