Area-Under-Curve-Guided Versus Trough-Guided Monitoring of Vancomycin and Its Impact on Nephrotoxicity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Conventionally, vancomycin trough levels have been used for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Owing to the increasing evidence of trough levels being poor surrogates of area under the curve (AUC) and the advent of advanced pharmacokinetics software, a paradigm shift has been made toward AUC-guided dosing. This study aims to evaluate the impact of AUC-guided versus trough-guided TDM on vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity.

Drug information-seeking behaviours of physicians, nurses and pharmacists: A systematic literature review.

Background: Medication use typically involves physicians prescribing, pharmacists reviewing, and nurses administering medications to patients. Drug information (DI) is often required during the process, with the various health care professionals (HCPs) seeking information differently according to their needs and familiarity with various resources.

Objective: This systematic literature review aims to evaluate studies on drug information-seeking behaviour (ISB) of physicians, nurses and pharmacists to ascertain their DI needs, DI sources used, facilitators and barriers to DI-seeking.

A Critical Review of the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety Data of Antibiotics in Avian Species.

In avian medicine, the use of antibiotic dosing regimens based on species-specific pharmacological studies is ideal. However, due to a lack of such studies, dose extrapolation, which may cause inefficacy and toxicity, is common practice. Multiple searches were performed using the PubMed and Web of Science databases to extract relevant pharmacological studies performed in exotic avian species.