Constructing Ag/CuO Interface for Efficient Neutral CO Electroreduction to CH.

Neutral CO electroreduction to multi-carbons (C) offers a promising pathway to reduce the CO and energy losses originating from the carbonate formation. However, the sluggish kinetics of C-C coupling brings a significant challenge of achieving high selectivity of a single product (such as ethylene), especially at industrial-relevant current densities (>300 mA cm). Here, we reported an optimized Ag-CuO interfacial catalyst that exhibited C Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 73.

Enhanced mitochondrial fluorescence imaging through confinement fluorescence effect within a rigid silicon suboxide network.

Fluorescence imaging technology has emerged as a powerful tool for studying intricate mitochondrial morphology within living cells. However, the need for fluorophores with stable fluorescence intensity and low phototoxicity poses significant challenges, particularly for long-term live-cell mitochondrial monitoring. To address this, we introduce the confinement fluorescence effect (CFE) into the design of fluorophores.

An evaluation of the effectiveness of four chemical additives on the fermentation characteristics, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silage based on soy sauce residue.

The study aimed to compare the impact of four chemical additives on fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of total mixed ration (TMR) silage based on soy sauce residue. The TMR (35% soy sauce residue + 45% Napier grass + 20% concentrate) was placed into silos (10 L). The experiment followed the completely random design, treated with different chemical additives: (1) distilled water (control); (2) 0.

Visualization and standardized quantification of surface charge density for triboelectric materials.

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) operates on the principle of utilizing contact electrification and electrostatic induction. However, visualization and standardized quantification of surface charges for triboelectric materials remain challenging. Here, we report a surface charge visualization and standardized quantification method using electrostatic surface potential measured by Kevin probe and the iterative regularization strategy.

Pro-oncogene FBI-1 inhibits the ferroptosis of prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells via the microRNA-324-3p/GPX4 axis.

Ferroptosis has been characterized as non-apoptotic programmed cell death and is considered a novel strategy for antitumor treatment. The factor that binds to inducer of short transcripts-1 (FBI-1) is an important proto-oncogene playing multiple roles in human malignancies and the development of resistance to therapy. However, the roles of FBI-1 in ferroptosis of endocrine independent prostate carcinoma are still unknown.

Highly Stable Perovskite Oxides for Electrocatalytic Acidic NO Reduction Streamlining Ammonia Synthesis from Air.

Electrochemical nitrogen oxide ions reduction reaction (NO RR) shows great opportunity for ammonia production under ambient conditions. Yet, performing NO RR in strong acidic conditions remains challenging due to the corrosion effect on the catalyst and competing hydrogen evolution reactions. Here, we demonstrate a stable LaSrNiFeO perovskite oxide for the NO RR at pH 0, achieving a Faradaic efficiency for ammonia of approaching 100 % at a current density of 2 A cm in a H-type cell.

Engineering highly selective CO electroreduction in Cu-based perovskites through A-site cation manipulation.

Perovskites exhibit considerable potential as catalysts for various applications, yet their performance modulation in the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CORR) remains underexplored. In this study, we report a strategy to enhance the electrocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO) reduction activity Ce-doped LaCuO (LCCO) and Sr-doped LaCuO (LSCO) perovskite oxides. Specifically, compared to pure phase LaCuO (LCO), the Faraday efficiency (FE) for CH of LCCO at -1.

A stable and flexible Au@Ag NPs/PVA SERS platform for thiram residue detection on rough surface.

Flexible and transparent surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates have gained great attention in analysis field as they offer a fast, non-destructive, and highly sensitive platform for in-situ detection. In this work, we present a facile one-pot strategy for synthesizing gold-cored silver shell nanoparticles (Au@Ag NPs) in the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) colloid. With no other reducing agents, PVA can serve as both reducing and stabilizing agents for forming Au@Ag NPs.

Improving Charge Storage of Biaxially-Oriented Polypropylene under Extreme Electric Fields by Excimer UV Irradiation.

Biaxially-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) is one of the most commonly used materials for film-based capacitors for power electronics and pulsed power systems. To address the pressing issue of performance-limiting loss under extreme electric-fields, here a one-step, high-throughput, and environment-friendly process based on very low-dose ultra-violet irradiation from KrCl (222 nm) and Xe (172 nm) excimer is demonstrated. The performance of commercial BOPP is boosted in terms of withstanding electric-field extremes (Weibull breakdown strength 694 to 811 V µm by 17% at 25 °C and 428 to 651 V µm by 52% at 120 °C), discharged energy density, and conduction losses.

Enhancement of the phase sensitivity with two-mode squeezed coherent state based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.

We theoretically study the phase estimation based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with a two-mode squeezed coherent state. By maximizing the quantum Fisher information, we find that the quantum Cramér-Rao bounds (QCRB) can reach sub-Heisenberg limit under the phase-matched condition. The optimal phase sensitivity can reach the sub-shot noise limit (SNL) and approach the QCRB by employing the intensity difference detection.

Alfalfa as a vegetable source of β-carotene: The change mechanism of β-carotene during fermentation.

The objectives of this study were to explore the β-carotene-producing bacteria and ascertain the main factors affecting β-carotene content via investigating the effects of various additives on β-carotene content, bacterial community succession, and quality of fermented alfalfa, using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology. Fresh alfalfa was fermented without (CON) or with squalene (SQ), the combination of Lactobacillus plantarum and cellulase (LPEN), and the combination of SQ and LPEN (SQLPEN) for 3, 45, and 90 d. The results showed that relative to the fresh alfalfa, extensive β-carotene loss in all groups occurred in the early fermentation phase (3 d) since epiphytic Pantoea agglomerans with the ability to produce β-carotene disappeared and β-carotene was oxidized by lipoxygenase and peroxidase.

Dynamics associated with fermentation and aerobic deterioration of high-moisture Italian ryegrass silage made using Lactobacillus plantarum and caproic acid.

Aims: To determine the fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and chemical composition of Italian ryegrass silage prepared with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), caproic acid (CA), and their combination during ensiling and feed-out phase.

Methods And Results: Six treatments: control (CON), LP, 0.15% caproic acid (LCA), 0.

Deep-Growing Neural Network With Manifold Constraints for Hyperspectral Image Classification.

In the absence of sufficient labels, deep neural networks (DNNs) are prone to overfitting, resulting in poor performance and difficulty in training. Thus, many semisupervised methods aim to use unlabeled sample information to compensate for the lack of label quantity. However, as the available pseudolabels increase, the fixed structure of traditional models has difficulty in matching them, limiting their effectiveness.

Acceptor Engineering Produces Ultrafast Nonradiative Decay in NIR-II Aza-BODIPY Nanoparticles for Efficient Osteosarcoma Photothermal Therapy via Concurrent Apoptosis and Pyroptosis.

Small-molecule photothermal agents (PTAs) with intense second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1,000 to 1,700 nm) absorption and high photothermal conversion efficiencies (PCEs) are promising candidates for treating deep-seated tumors such as osteosarcoma. To date, the development of small-molecule NIR-II PTAs has largely relied on fabricating donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D/D') structures and limited success has been achieved. Herein, through acceptor engineering, a donor-acceptor-acceptor (D-A-A')-structured NIR-II aza-boron-dipyrromethene (aza-BODIPY) PTA (SW8) was readily developed for the 1,064-nm laser-mediated phototheranostic treatment of osteosarcoma.

Detection of sulfur mustard simulants using the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy method.

Sulfur mustard (SM) is one kind of highly toxic chemical warfare agent and easy to spread, while existing detection methods cannot fulfill the requirement of rapid response, good portability, and cost competitiveness at the same time. In this work, the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy (MW-APP-OES) method, taking the advantage of non-thermal equilibrium, high reactivity, and high purity of MW plasma, is developed to detect three kinds of SM simulants, i.e.

Detoxifying mycotoxins and antifungal properties of two rumen-derived Enterococcus species in artificially contaminated corn silages.

Background: Mycotoxins contamination in food and feed has emerged as an issue of serious concern because they pose serious health risks to both humans and livestock. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of two rumen-derived Enterococcus spp. on fermentation and hygienic quality of artificially contaminated corn silages.

Recent advances in plasma-enabled ammonia synthesis: state-of-the-art, challenges, and outlook.

With the increase in the greenhouse effect and reduction of fossil fuel resources, it is urgent to find a feasible solution to directly convert power to chemicals using renewable energy and achieving zero carbon emissions targets. It is necessary to convert renewable energy (, solar, wind, water, ) into electrical power replacing fossil-fuel-fired power. Therefore, the power-to-chemicals approach is gaining more and more attention.

Dynamics of Phyllosphere Microbiota and Chemical Parameters at Various Growth Stages and Their Contribution to Anaerobic Fermentation of .

This work evaluated the dynamic changes of phyllosphere microbiota and chemical parameters at various growth stages of Pennisetum giganteum and their effects on the bacterial community, cooccurrence networks, and functional properties during anaerobic fermentation. was collected at two growth stages (early vegetative stage [P and late vegetative stage [P]) and was naturally fermented (NP and NP) for 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days, respectively. At each time point, NP or NP was randomly sampled for the analysis of chemical composition, fermentation parameter, and microbial number.

Allele-dependent interaction of LRRK2 and NOD2 in leprosy.

Leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, rarely affects children younger than 5 years. Here, we studied a multiplex leprosy family that included monozygotic twins aged 22 months suffering from paucibacillary leprosy. Whole genome sequencing identified three amino acid mutations previously associated with Crohn's disease and Parkinson's disease as candidate variants for early onset leprosy: LRRK2 N551K, R1398H and NOD2 R702W.

Sustainable utilization of residual grass: effect of anaerobic storage days on chemical composition, fermentation performance, microbial community, and functional profiles of Pennisetum giganteum.

The seasonal surplus and putrefactive property of moist forages inevitably increase the pressure on environmental protection and residual grass disposal. In the current work, the anaerobic fermentation approach was adopted to assist the sustainable recycling of leftover Pennisetum giganteum (LP), and its chemical composition, fermentation performance, bacterial community and functional profiles during anaerobic fermentation were studied. Fresh LP was spontaneously fermented for up to 60 d.

High Performance Epoxy Composites Containing Nanofiller Modified by Plasma Bubbles.

The thermal conductivity of polymer materials is a fundamental parameter in the field of high-voltage electrical insulation. When the operating frequency and power for electrical equipment or electronic devices increase significantly, the internal heat will increase dramatically, and the accumulation of heat will further lead to insulation failure and serious damage of the whole system. The addition of filler with high thermal conductivity into polymer is a common solution.

Assessing the impact of phyllosphere microbiota on dynamics of in-silo fermentation of Italian ryegrass harvested at heading and blooming stages.

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the phyllosphere microbiota of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) harvested at heading (H) [> 50% earing rate or 216 g kg fresh weight (FW)] and blooming (B) (> 50% bloom or 254 g kg FW) stages and in-silo fermentation products, and the composition, abundance, diversity and activity of bacterial community. In total, 72 (4 treatments × 6 ensiling durations × 3 replicates) laboratory scale (400 g) silages of Italian ryegrass were prepared: (i) irradiated heading stage silages (IRH) (n = 36) were inoculated with phyllosphere microbiota inoculum (2 mL) eluted from fresh Italian ryegrass at either heading (IH) (n = 18) or blooming (IB) (n = 18) stages; (ii) irradiated blooming stage silages (IRB) (n = 36) were inoculated with either IH (n = 18) or IB (n = 18).

Dynamics in fermentation quality, bacterial community, and metabolic profile during silage fermentation of late-harvested elephant grass.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of delayed harvest and storage length on fermentation products, bacterial community, and metabolic shifts of elephant grass silage. The late-harvested elephant grass (LG) was naturally fermented (NLG) for 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days, respectively. After 60-day ensiling, NLG displayed homolactic fermentation with low pH value, butyric acid, and ammonia nitrogen concentrations, and high lactic acid concentration, and ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid.

Evaluation of molasses on fermentation profiles of wheat straw ensiled with tall fescue in the southwest Tibet.

Two experiments were carried out to determine the optimal proportion of mixed silage made with wheat straw and tall fescue, and further to evaluate the effects of molasses on fermentation quality. In Experiment 1, wheat straw and tall fescue were mixed at proportions of 10:0 (Control), 8:2 (WT20), 6:4 (WT40) and 4:6 (WT60) on fresh weight (FW) basis. Inclusion of tall fescue significantly (p < 0.