Direct Synthesis of Sulfinylated Phenanthrenes via BF-Promoted Annulation of 2-Alkynyl Biaryls with Arylsulfinic Acids.

A novel approach to sulfinylated phenanthrenes has been developed by BF-promoted annulation of 2-alkynyl biaryls with arylsulfinic acids. This approach utilizes readily available arylsulfinic acids as a sulfinyl source and affords a variety of sulfinylated phenanthrenes in good to excellent yields under simple and mild reaction conditions.

Exploration of pressure injury risk in adult inpatients: An integrated Braden scale and rough set approach.

Objective: This study aimed to develop an interpretive model with decision rules to assess the risk level of pressure injuries in adult inpatients and identify the critical risk factors associated with these injuries.

Methods: The rough set approach was used to identify the critical risk factors associated with pressure injuries and demonstrate their behavioral patterns. The study focused on adult inpatients aged 18 or above who remained in bed for at least 24 hours after admission.

Cotton () VIRMA as an N6-Methyladenosine RNA Methylation Regulator Participates in Controlling Chloroplast-Dependent and Independent Leaf Development.

N6-methyladenosine (mA) is one of the most abundant internal modifications of mRNA, which plays important roles in gene expression regulation, and plant growth and development. Vir-like mA methyltransferase associated (VIRMA) serves as a scaffold for bridging the catalytic core components of the mA methyltransferase complex. The role of VIRMA in regulating leaf development and its related mechanisms have not been reported.

Electrochemical Site-Selective Alkylation of Azobenzenes with (Thio)Xanthenes.

Herein, we first report an electrochemical methodology for the site-selective alkylation of azobenzenes with (thio)xanthenes in the absence of any transition metal catalyst or external oxidant. A variety of groups are compatible with this electrochemical alkylation, which furnishes the products in moderate to good yields.

Associations among Orthodontic History, Psychological Status, and Temporomandibular-Related Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the associations among orthodontic history, psychological status, and temporomandibular-related quality of life.

Methods: A questionnaire was developed and distributed to students in a local college, containing questions about demographic information, the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), the Fonseca anamnestic index, and the Oral Health Impact Profile for Temporomandibular Disorders (OHIP-TMD). The respondents were divided into with orthodontic history (OS) group and without OS group.

Electrochemical Regioselective Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Indoles with Xanthenes.

An electrochemical cross-dehydrogenative coupling of indoles with xanthenes has been established at room temperature. This coupling reaction could proceed in the absence of any catalyst or external oxidant, and generate the indole derivatives in moderate yields. Mechanistic experiments support that a radical pathway maybe involved in this reaction system.

Direct Synthesis of Sulfinylated Benzofulvenes via BF·EtO-Promoted Cascade Reactions of Arylsulfinic Acids with 1,3-Enynes.

A novel and efficient method for the selective synthesis of sulfinylated benzofulvenes has been developed through the BF·EtO-promoted electrophilic addition/cyclization of 1,3-enynes. This metal-free cascade reaction employs readily accessible arylsulfinic acids as sulfinyl cation sources at room temperature and provides a wide range of functionalized benzofulvenes in good to excellent yields under mild conditions.

Synthesis of Spirolactones via a BF·EtO-Promoted Cascade Annulation of α-Keto Acids and 1,3-Enynes.

A novel and effective method for the synthesis of spirolactones from readily available α-keto acids and 1,3-enynes is developed via a BF·EtO-promoted cascade annulation. This sequential process is conducted at room temperature, and it provides the functionalized spirolactones in good to excellent yield under metal-free conditions.

Correction: Assessment of the toxicity and inflammatory effects of different-sized zinc oxide nanoparticles in 2D and 3D cell cultures.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C6RA27334C.].

Visible-Light-Induced Decarboxylative Cyclization/Hydrogenation Cascade Reaction to Access Phenanthridin-6-yl(aryl)methanol by an Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex.

A novel and efficient visible-light-induced decarboxylative cyclization/hydrogenation cascade reaction of α-oxocarboxylic acids and 2-isocyanobiaryls has been developed. Without the need of any external photosensitizer, oxidant, and reductant, this method offers a mild and green approach for the synthesis of diverse alcohols in moderate to good yields. A mechanism indicated that an electron donor-acceptor complex-driven decarboxylation, radical addition/cyclization, and photochemical reduction of ketones to alcohols could be involved in the reaction.

Enhanced sintering resistance of bimetal/SBA-15 catalysts with promising activity under a low temperature for CO methanation.

According to its thermodynamic equilibrium analysis and strong exothermic characteristics, the major challenge of syngas methanation is to develop a high-efficient low-temperature catalyst with superior sintering resistance. In this study, bimetal-based SBA-15 catalysts were prepared a citric acid-assisted impregnation method and applied in CO methanation. The obtained catalysts were characterized X-ray diffraction, N adsorption-desorption, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, H temperature-programmed reduction and other techniques.

Copper-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of Arylsulfonylhydrazones Derived from -Alkynyl Arylketones: Regioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Cinnolines.

A novel copper-catalyzed cascade reaction of arylsulfonylhydrazones derived from -alkynyl arylketones was accomplished. This reaction provides concise access to diversified cinnolines in good yields. The mechanistic investigations have disclosed involvement of the key alkynyl amination, 1,4-aryl migration, desulfonylation, and diazo radical cyclization cascade in the transformation.

GhEIN3, a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) homologue of AtEIN3, is involved in regulation of plant salinity tolerance.

Ethylene insensitive 3 (EIN3), a key transcription factor in ethylene signal transduction, play important roles in plant stress signaling pathways. In this study, we isolated and characterized an EIN3-like gene from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), designated as GhEIN3. GhEIN3 is highly expressed in vegetative tissues, and its expression is induced by 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and NaCl.

Predictive value of post-operative neutrophil/lymphocyte count ratio for surgical site infection in patients following posterior lumbar spinal surgery.

Objective: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common complication in patients following posterior lumbar spinal surgery. Various laboratory data such as laboratory parameters derived neutrophil/lymphocyte count ratio (NLR), have been applied for the prediction of SSI, but more studies are necessary to evaluate the significance of these indicators. Here, our study aims to investigate the predictive value of total white blood cells (WBCs), count and percentages of neutrophils and leukocytes, NLR, and C-reactive protein (CRP) for surgical site infection (SSI) in patients after posterior lumbar spinal surgery.

Direct Synthesis of Benzo[ f]indazoles from Sulfonyl Hydrazines and 1,3-Enynes by Copper-Catalyzed Annulation.

A novel and efficient strategy for the direct synthesis of benzo[ f]indazoles via copper-catalyzed cascade reaction of sulfonyl hydrazides with 1,3-enynes under mild conditions has been developed. This method achieves the formation of two C-N bonds and one C-C bond in one pot, providing a series of benzo[ f]indazoles in moderate to good yields with good functional group tolerance and remarkable regioselectivity.

Visible-light induced decarboxylative C2-alkylation of benzothiazoles with carboxylic acids under metal-free conditions.

An effective protocol of photoredox catalyzed C2-alkylation of benzothiazoles with aliphatic carboxylic acids was disclosed. In the presence of an acridinium salt as a photocatalyst and air as an oxidant, a wide range of secondary or tertiary aliphatic carboxylic acids were employed as alkylation reagents, providing the desired products in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions with a broad substrate scope.

Selective Synthesis of Diaryl Sulfoxides and m-Arylthio Sulfones from Arylsulfinic Acids and Arenes via BF-Promoted C-S Bond Formation.

A novel and efficient method for selective synthesis of diaryl sulfoxides and m-arylthio sulfones has been achieved from readily available arylsulfinic acids and arenes via an unusual sulfinyl cation, providing a range of structurally diverse products in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. Notably, mechanistic investigations suggested m-arylthio sulfones were generated from diaryl sulfoxides and sulfinyl cation by a sequence of redox reaction and electrophilic aromatic substitution process.

Photo-Driven Synthesis of C6-Polyfunctionalized Phenanthridines from Three-Component Reactions of Isocyanides, Alkynes, and Sulfinic Acids by Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex.

A novel and efficient photoinduced synthesis of C6-polyfunctionalized phenanthridines from three-component reactions of isocyanides, alkynes and sulfinic acids was developed. The reactions generated the corresponding products with high selectivity through the photochemical activity of the formed electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex during the reaction via a radical tandem process under mild conditions.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of TCP transcription factor genes in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum).

TCP proteins are plant-specific transcription factors (TFs), and perform a variety of physiological functions in plant growth and development. In this study, 74 non-redundant TCP genes were identified in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genome.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of JAZ gene family in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum).

Plant JAZ (Jasmonate ZIM-domain) proteins play versatile roles in multiple aspects of plant development and defense. However, little is known about the JAZ family in allotetraploid upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) so far. In this study, 30 non-redundant JAZ genes were identified in upland cotton through genome-wide screening.

Direct synthesis of sulfonated dihydroisoquinolinones from N-allylbenzamide and arylsulfinic acids via TBHP-promoted cascade radical addition and cyclization.

A novel synthesis of sulfonated dihydroisoquinolinones via cascade radical addition and cyclization was developed in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). The reactions generated the desired sulfonated dihydroisoquinolinones in good yields from readily available arylsulfinic acids and N-allylbenzamides under metal-free conditions.

Direct difunctionalization of activated alkynes via domino oxidative benzylation/1,4-aryl migration/decarboxylation reactions under metal-free conditions.

The oxidative difunctionalization of aryl alkynoates via benzyl radical initiated intramolecular 1,4-aryl migration and decarboxylation tandem process was developed in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant, which provides a direct and selective route to a variety of trisubstituted alkenes from simple toluene derivatives and aryl alkynoates.

Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis: Direct Synthesis of Sulfonated Oxindoles from N-Arylacrylamides and Arylsulfinic Acids by Means of a Cascade C-S/C-C Formation Process.

A novel photocatalytic synthesis of sulfonated oxindoles from N-arylacrylamides and arylsulfinic acids was developed by means of a cascade C-S/C-C bond-formation process. This method provides mild, efficient, and atom-economical access to various sulfonated oxindoles in water.

A sulfenylation reaction: direct synthesis of 3-arylsulfinylindoles from arylsulfinic acids and indoles in water.

A novel and efficient electrophilic sulfenylation of indoles with arylsulfinic acids is realized. The reaction utilizes readily available starting materials in water under catalyst- and additive-free conditions, providing an alternative and attractive approach to 3-arylsulfinylindoles with high yields. Preliminary mechanistic investigation suggested that the reaction is through an electrophilic substitution process.