Syphilis screening during pregnancy in 18- to 49-year-old women in commercially-insured claims data, 2022.

Background: Syphilis cases continue to climb in the United States, with a 159% increase among women between 2018 and 2022. Congenital syphilis (CS) cases continued along the same trajectory, with a 183% increase over the same time frame. Adherence to the screening guidelines may assist in reducing this trend.

STI/HIV testing, STIs, and HIV PrEP use among men who have sex with men (MSM) and men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) in United States, 2019-2022.

Background: Routine sexually transmitted infection and human immunodeficiency virus (STI/HIV) testing and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use are recommended for men who have sex with men (MSM) at increased risk of HIV.

Methods: Using Healthverity, a large administrative dataset in the United States, we assessed STI/HIV testing, chlamydia and gonorrhea positivity by specimen type, and HIV PrEP use among MSM and men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) at their first visits (index date) for those at increased risk of HIV and STIs from 2019 through 2022.

Results: Among 81,716 MSM and MSMW aged 15-64 years at their index date visit, STI testing rates were 57.

Sexually Transmitted Infection and HIV Testing and Diagnosis Among 15- to 44-Year-Old Patients With and Without Opioid Use Disorder.

Background: The association between illicit opioid use and prescription opioid misuse and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has not been examined recently. Our study aimed to explore differences in STI/HIV care, and delivery of recommended testing and diagnoses among patients with and without opioid use disorder (OUD).

Methods: Using 2019 MarketScan commercial claims data, we identified 15- to 44-year-old male and female patients, to assess the percentages of STI/HIV diagnoses (using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification ) and screening (using Current Procedure Terminology codes) among patients with or without OUD diagnoses codes.

Underlying Reasons for Primary Care Visits Where Chlamydia Testing Was Performed in the United States, 2019 to 2022.

Background: In the United States, most chlamydia cases are reported from non-sexually transmitted disease clinics, and there is limited information focusing on the reasons for chlamydia testing in private settings. These analyses describe clinical visits to primary care providers where chlamydia testing was performed to help discern between screening and diagnostic testing for chlamydia.

Methods: Using the largest primary care clinical registry in the United States, the PRIME registry, chlamydia tests were identified using Current Procedural Terminology procedure codes and categorized as diagnostic testing for sexually transmitted infection (STI)-related symptoms, screening for chlamydia, or "other," based on Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision Evaluation and Management codes selected for visits.

Treatment Rates for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a Metropolitan Area: Observational Cohort Analysis.

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) are the 2 most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention regularly publishes and updates STI Treatment Guidelines. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare treatment rates for CT and GC among public and private providers.

National Chlamydia Screening Rate in Young Sexually Active Women Using HEDIS Measures in the United States, 2011 to 2020.

Background: National guidelines recommend sexually active women younger than 25 years be screened annually for chlamydia. Our objective was to estimate the chlamydia screening rate of sexually active women aged 16 to 24 years from 2011 to 2020.

Methods: We analyzed the chlamydia screening rates among sexually active women aged 16 to 24 years from 2011 to 2020 using the chlamydia measures in the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set data set.

Impact of the Early COVID-19 Pandemic on the Number of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Uses and the Proportion of Preexposure Prophylaxis Users Receiving Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Services.

Background: With the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care management, we assessed the number of PrEP users and sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing-eligible PrEP users, STI testing rates, and prevalence between prepandemic (January 1, 2018-March 31, 2020) and early-pandemic (April 1, 2020-September 30, 2020) periods.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, a PrEP user for a given quarter is defined as either a previous PrEP user or a PrEP initiator who has at least 1-day coverage of tenofovir/emtricitabine in the given quarter. The STI testing-eligible PrEP users for a given quarter were defined as those persons whose runout date (previous dispense date + days of tenofovir/emtricitabine supply) was in the given quarter.

Findings From a Scoping Review: Presumptive Treatment for Chlamydiatrachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States, 2006-2021.

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) are the 2 most common reported sexually transmitted infections in the United States. Current recommendations are to presumptively treat CT and/or GC in persons with symptoms or known contact. This review characterizes the literature around studies with presumptive treatment, including identifying rates of presumptive treatment and overtreatment and undertreatment rates.

Longitudinal Analysis of Electronic Health Information to Identify Possible COVID-19 Sequelae.

Ongoing symptoms might follow acute COVID-19. Using electronic health information, we compared pre‒ and post‒COVID-19 diagnostic codes to identify symptoms that had higher encounter incidence in the post‒COVID-19 period as sequelae. This method can be used for hypothesis generation and ongoing monitoring of sequelae of COVID-19 and future emerging diseases.

Access to Healthcare and the Utilization of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Homeless Medicaid Patients 15 to 44 Years of Age.

Homelessness poses a direct threat to public health in the US as many individuals face debilitating health outcomes and barriers to adequate health care. Access to STI care for the homeless Medicaid population of USA has not been well-studied using administrative claims data. Our study aims to compare health services utilization, STI screening and diagnoses among people experiencing homelessness (PEH) vs.

Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing, Prevalence, and Treatment Among Individuals Receiving HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Within an Integrated Healthcare Delivery System.

Background: Initial and follow-up sexually transmitted infection (STI) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing are recommended when taking HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We assessed STI services before and after PrEP initiation among persons 18 years or older.

Methods: We conducted this retrospective cohort study at a US integrated healthcare delivery system.

Healthcare provider awareness of the recent FDA approval on first diagnostic tests for extragenital testing for chlamydia and gonorrhea.

To assess healthcare provider awareness of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 2019 approval of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) using extragenital specimens for chlamydia and gonorrhea, several questions were included in fall 2020 Porter Novelli's DocStyles survey, a US nationally representative semi-annual web-based survey of healthcare providers. There were 1502 respondents included in this study, 1000 family practitioners/internists as primary care physicians (PCPs), 251 obstetricians/gynecologists (OBs/GYNs), and 251 nurse practitioners/physician assistants (NP/PA). Awareness of this FDA approval was 34.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Tests Performed by a Large National Laboratory-United States, 2019 to 2020.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, disruptions were anticipated in the US health care system for routine preventive and other nonemergency care, including sexually transmitted infection care.

Methods: Using a large national laboratory data set, we assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the weekly numbers and percent positivity of chlamydia and gonorrhea tests ordered from the 5th week of 2019 to the 52nd week of 2020 in the United States. We compared weekly 2020 values for test volume, percent positive, and number of positives with the same week in 2019.

Syphilis testing adherence among women with livebirth deliveries: Indianapolis 2014-2016.

Background: The number of congenital syphilis (CS) cases in the United States are increasing. Effective prevention of CS requires routine serologic testing and treatment of infected pregnant women. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends testing all pregnant women at their first prenatal visit and subsequent testing at 28 weeks gestation and delivery for women at increased risk.

STI/HIV Testing and Prevalence of Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Among Persons with Their Specified-Type Sex Partner.

Background: Previous studies have shown that sexually transmitted infections (STI) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing has varied, but STI prevalence was not estimated among patients during their health care visits in which a high-risk sexual partnership was documented. This study estimated gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, and HIV testing rates and chlamydia and gonorrhea prevalence.

Methods: From the de-identified commercial claims data of OptumLabs Data Warehouse, we identified men and women aged 15-60 years classified as having high-risk sexual relationships as diagnosis codes: Z72.

The Burden of and Trends in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in the United States, 2006-2016.

Background: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the upper genital tract that has important reproductive consequences to women. We describe the burden of and trends in PID among reproductive-aged women in the United States during 2006-2016.

Methods: We used data from 2 nationally representative probability surveys collecting self-reported PID history (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, National Survey of Family Growth); 5 datasets containing International Classification of Diseases, Ninth/Tenth Revision codes indicating diagnosed PID (Healthcare Utilization Project; National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, emergency department component; National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey; National Disease Therapeutic Index; MarketScan); and data from a network of sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics (Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance Network).

Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Pregnancy: Trends in United States, 2010 to 2018.

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) case surveillance relies on reported positive laboratory results. Changes in reported cases may represent changes in testing practice or infection prevalence. This study evaluated changes over time for CT and NG positivity and testing rates of pregnant persons.

Late Conditions Diagnosed 1-4 Months Following an Initial Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Encounter: A Matched-Cohort Study Using Inpatient and Outpatient Administrative Data-United States, 1 March-30 June 2020.

Background: Late sequelae of COVID-19 have been reported; however, few studies have investigated the time course or incidence of late new COVID-19-related health conditions (post-COVID conditions) after COVID-19 diagnosis. Studies distinguishing post-COVID conditions from late conditions caused by other etiologies are lacking. Using data from a large administrative all-payer database, we assessed type, association, and timing of post-COVID conditions following COVID-19 diagnosis.

Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing and Prevalence Before and After Preexposure Prophylaxis Initiation Among Men Aged ≥18 Years in US Private Settings.

Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends initial and follow-up sexually transmitted infection (STI) and HIV testing when taking HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We assessed frequencies of STIs and HIV testing and rates of STIs before and after PrEP initiation among men aged ≥18 years.

Methods: We used the OptumLabs database for this cohort study.

Persistence With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in the United States, 2012-2017.

Background: Daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective in preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection if used adherently throughout periods of HIV risk. We estimated PrEP persistence among cohorts of persons with commercial or Medicaid insurance.

Methods: We analyzed data from the IBM MarketScan Research Database to identify persons aged 18-64 years who initiated PrEP between 2012 and 2017.

Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Screening Among Women Aged 15-24 Years Undergoing a Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive Insertion.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the receipt of chlamydia and gonorrhea screening among women aged 15-24 years undergoing long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) insertion.

Methods: We used the 2016-2017 MarketScan commercial claims data set to identify sexually active women aged 15-24 years with LARC insertion in 2017 and had ≥12 months of insurance coverage before the date of LARC insertion. Sexual activity (defined by Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set chlamydia testing measure) and LARC insertion, including intrauterine device (IUD) and implant insertion, were identified by applicable International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision, Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System, and Current Procedural Terminology codes.

Sexually Transmitted Infection/HIV Testing Among Medicaid/Children's Health Insurance Program-Insured Enrollees Aged 15 to 60 Years Who Were Diagnosed With High-Risk Sexual Behaviors With Their Opposite-Sex or Same-Sex Partners.

Background: There is a lack of information on high-risk sexual behaviors (HRSB) related to gender of sex partner and associated sexually transmitted infection (STI)/HIV testing among Medicaid enrollees.

Methods: We used the 2016 Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Medicaid claims data to identify enrollees aged 15 to 60 years with HRSB by International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision codes (Z72.51, Z72.