Titanium Surfaces with a Laser-Produced Microchannel Structure Enhance Pre-Osteoblast Proliferation, Maturation, and Extracellular Mineralization In Vitro.

The clinical success of dental titanium implants is profoundly linked to implant stability and osseointegration, which comprises pre-osteoblast proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and extracellular mineralization. Because of the bio-inert nature of titanium, surface processing using subtractive or additive methods enhances osseointegration ability but limits the benefit due to accompanying surface contamination. By contrast, laser processing methods increase the roughness of the implant surface without contamination.