Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are cell-derived vesicles evolving as important elements involved in all stages of cancers. sEVs bear unique protein signatures that may serve as biomarkers. Pancreatic cancer (PC) records a very poor survival rate owing to its late diagnosis and several cancer cell-derived proteins have been reported as candidate biomarkers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAndrogen receptor variant 7 (AR-V7) is an important biomarker to guide treatment options for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. Its detectability in circulating tumour cells (CTCs) opens non-invasive diagnostic avenues. While detectable at the transcript level, AR-V7 protein detection in CTCs may add additional information and clinical relevance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe field of single-cell analysis has advanced rapidly in the last decade and is providing new insights into the characterization of intercellular genetic heterogeneity and complexity, especially in human cancer. In this regard, analyzing single circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is becoming particularly attractive due to the easy access to CTCs from simple blood samples called "liquid biopsies". Analysis of multiple single CTCs has the potential to allow the identification and characterization of cancer heterogeneity to guide best therapy and predict therapeutic response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: In advanced prostate cancer, access to recent diagnostic tissue samples is restricted and this affects the analysis of the association of evolving biomarkers such as AR-V7 with metastatic castrate resistance. Liquid biopsies are emerging as alternative analytes. To clarify clinical value of AR-V7 detection from liquid biopsies, here we performed a meta-analysis on the prognostic and predictive value of androgen receptor variant 7 (AR-V7) detected from liquid biopsy for patients with prostate cancer (PC), three databases, the Embase, Medline, and Scopus were searched up to September 2021.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpatial variability in real-world on-road tailpipe light-duty gasoline vehicle nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide emission rates, the locations of emissions hotspots, and factors that explain spatial variability are quantified. A sample of 205 vehicles were measured on four predefined round-trip study routes using Portable Emission Measurement Systems. The trips on each route were divided into segments, averaging 1/4 mile in length.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProstate cancer (PCa) is initially driven by excessive androgen receptor (AR) signaling with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) being a major therapeutic approach to its treatment. However, the development of drug resistance is a significant limitation on the effectiveness of both first-line and more recently developed second-line ADTs. There is a need then to study AR signaling within the context of other oncogenic signaling pathways that likely mediate this resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDetection of androgen receptor (AR) variant 7 (AR-V7) is emerging as a clinically important biomarker in castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Detection is possible from tumor tissue, which is often inaccessible in the advanced disease setting. With recent progress in detecting AR-V7 in circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA) and exosomes from prostate cancer patients, liquid biopsies have emerged as an alternative to tumor biopsy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Technol
December 2013
Dhaka had recently experienced rapid conversion of its motor vehicle fleet to run on compressed natural gas (CNG). This paper quantifies ex-post the air quality and climate benefits of the CNG conversion policy, including monetary valuations, through an impact pathway approach. Around 2045 (1665) avoided premature deaths in greater Dhaka (City Corporation) can be attributed to air quality improvements from the CNG conversion policy in 2010, resulting in a saving of around USD 400 million.
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