Mott Transition for a Lieb-Liniger Gas in a Shallow Quasiperiodic Potential: Delocalization Induced by Disorder.

Disorder or quasidisorder is known to favor localization in many-body Bose systems. Here, in contrast, we demonstrate an anomalous delocalization effect induced by incommensurability in quasiperiodic lattices. Loading ultracold atoms in two shallow periodic lattices with equal amplitude and either equal or incommensurate spatial periods, we show the onset of a Mott transition not only in the periodic case but also in the quasiperiodic case.

Measurement of the superfluid fraction of a supersolid by Josephson effect.

A new class of superfluids and superconductors with spatially periodic modulation of the superfluid density is arising. It might be related to the supersolid phase of matter, in which the spontaneous breaking of gauge and translational symmetries leads to a spatially modulated macroscopic wavefunction. This relation was recognized only in some cases and there is the need for a universal property quantifying the differences between supersolids and ordinary matter, such as the superfluid fraction, which measures the reduction in superfluid stiffness resulting from the spatial modulation.

A Multi-Task Convolutional Neural Network for Semantic Segmentation and Event Detection in Laparoscopic Surgery.

The current study presents a multi-task end-to-end deep learning model for real-time blood accumulation detection and tools semantic segmentation from a laparoscopic surgery video. Intraoperative bleeding is one of the most problematic aspects of laparoscopic surgery. It is challenging to control and limits the visibility of the surgical site.

Controlled Decoration of [60]Fullerene with Polymannan Analogues and Amino Acid Derivatives through Malondiamide-Based Linkers.

In the last few years, nanomaterials based on fullerene have begun to be considered promising tools in the development of efficient adjuvant/delivery systems for vaccination, thanks to their several advantages such as biocompatibility, size, and easy preparation and modification. In this work we reported the chemoenzymatic synthesis of natural polymannan analogues (di- and tri-mannan oligosaccharides characterized by α1,6man and/or α1,2man motifs) endowed with an anomeric propargyl group. These sugar derivatives were submitted to 1,3 Huisgen dipolar cycloaddition with a malondiamide-based chain equipped with two azido terminal groups.

Vision Transformer for femur fracture classification.

Introduction: In recent years, the scientific community focused on developing Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) tools that could improve clinicians' bone fractures diagnosis, primarily based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). However, the discerning accuracy of fractures' subtypes was far from optimal. The aim of the study was 1) to evaluate a new CAD system based on Vision Transformers (ViT), a very recent and powerful deep learning technique, and 2) to assess whether clinicians' diagnostic accuracy could be improved using this system.

A deep learning framework for real-time 3D model registration in robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery.

Introduction: The current study presents a deep learning framework to determine, in real-time, position and rotation of a target organ from an endoscopic video. These inferred data are used to overlay the 3D model of patient's organ over its real counterpart. The resulting augmented video flow is streamed back to the surgeon as a support during laparoscopic robot-assisted procedures.

Synthesis and biological application of glyco- and peptide derivatives of fullerene C.

Fullerenes have attracted considerable attention for their possible use in human therapy. Pure C is soluble only in some organic solvents, but this could be overcome by chemical modifications. This review investigates the derivatization strategies and biological applications of fullerene C by using polar "active" molecules as sugars and amino acids/peptides that allow the increase of solubility in water.

Dynamic evaluation of THA components by Prosthesis Impingement Software (PIS).

Background and aim of the work Implant dislocation in total hip arthroplasties (THA) is a common concern amongst the orthopedic surgeons and represents the most frequent complication after primary implant. Several causes could be responsible for the dislocation, including the malpositioning of the components. Conventional imaging techniques frequently fail to detect the mechanical source of dislocation mainly because they could not reproduce a dynamic evaluation of the components.

Real-time deep learning semantic segmentation during intra-operative surgery for 3D augmented reality assistance.

Purpose: The current study aimed to propose a Deep Learning (DL) and Augmented Reality (AR) based solution for a in-vivo robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), to improve the precision of a published work from our group. We implemented a two-steps automatic system to align a 3D virtual ad-hoc model of a patient's organ with its 2D endoscopic image, to assist surgeons during the procedure.

Methods: This approach was carried out using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based structure for semantic segmentation and a subsequent elaboration of the obtained output, which produced the needed parameters for attaching the 3D model.

Evidence of superfluidity in a dipolar supersolid from nonclassical rotational inertia.

A key manifestation of superfluidity in liquids and gases is a reduction of the moment of inertia under slow rotations. Nonclassical rotational effects have also been considered in the context of the elusive supersolid phase of matter, in which superfluidity coexists with a lattice structure. Here, we show that the recently discovered supersolid phase in dipolar quantum gases features a reduced moment of inertia.

Developing a Library of Mannose-Based Mono- and Disaccharides: A General Chemoenzymatic Approach to Monohydroxylated Building Blocks.

Regioselective deprotection of acetylated mannose-based mono- and disaccharides differently functionalized in anomeric position was achieved by enzymatic hydrolysis. lipase (CRL) and acetyl xylan esterase (AXE) were immobilized on octyl-Sepharose and glyoxyl-agarose, respectively. The regioselectivity of the biocatalysts was affected by the sugar structure and functionalization in anomeric position.

Hierarchical fracture classification of proximal femur X-Ray images using a multistage Deep Learning approach.

Purpose: Suspected fractures are among the most common reasons for patients to visit emergency departments and often can be difficult to detect and analyze them on film scans. Therefore, we aimed to design a Deep Learning-based tool able to help doctors in diagnosis of bone fractures, following the hierarchical classification proposed by the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) Foundation and the Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA).

Methods: 2453 manually annotated images of proximal femur were used for the classification in different fracture types (1133 Unbroken femur, 570 type A, 750 type B).

Intraoperative surgery room management: A deep learning perspective.

Purpose: The current study aimed to systematically review the literature addressing the use of deep learning (DL) methods in intraoperative surgery applications, focusing on the data collection, the objectives of these tools and, more technically, the DL-based paradigms utilized.

Methods: A literature search with classic databases was performed: we identified, with the use of specific keywords, a total of 996 papers. Among them, we selected 52 for effective analysis, focusing on articles published after January 2015.

Supersolid symmetry breaking from compressional oscillations in a dipolar quantum gas.

Supersolids are exotic materials combining the frictionless flow of a superfluid with the crystal-like periodic density modulation of a solid. The supersolid phase of matter was predicted 50 years ago for solid helium. Ultracold quantum gases have recently been made to exhibit periodic order typical of a crystal, owing to various types of controllable interaction.

Observation of a Dipolar Quantum Gas with Metastable Supersolid Properties.

The competition of dipole-dipole and contact interactions leads to exciting new physics in dipolar gases, well illustrated by the recent observation of quantum droplets and rotons in dipolar condensates. We show that the combination of the roton instability and quantum stabilization leads under proper conditions to a novel regime that presents supersolid properties due to the coexistence of stripe modulation and phase coherence. In a combined experimental and theoretical analysis, we determine the parameter regime for the formation of coherent stripes, whose lifetime of a few tens of milliseconds is limited by the eventual destruction of the stripe pattern due to three-body losses.

Novel Vaccine Candidates against Tuberculosis.

Ranking above AIDS, Tuberculosis (TB) is the ninth leading cause of death affecting and killing many individuals every year. Drugs' efficacy is limited by a series of problems such as Multi- Drug Resistance (MDR) and Extensively-Drug Resistance (XDR). Meanwhile, the only licensed vaccine BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) existing for over 90 years is not effective enough.

Bright Soliton to Quantum Droplet Transition in a Mixture of Bose-Einstein Condensates.

Attractive Bose-Einstein condensates can host two types of macroscopic self-bound states: bright solitons and quantum droplets. Here, we investigate the connection between them with a Bose-Bose mixture confined in an optical waveguide. We show theoretically that, depending on atom number and interaction strength, solitons and droplets can be smoothly connected or remain distinct states coexisting only in a bistable region.

Quantum liquid droplets in a mixture of Bose-Einstein condensates.

Quantum droplets are small clusters of atoms self-bound by the balance of attractive and repulsive forces. Here, we report on the observation of droplets solely stabilized by contact interactions in a mixture of two Bose-Einstein condensates. We demonstrate that they are several orders of magnitude more dilute than liquid helium by directly measuring their size and density via in situ imaging.

Velocity-dependent quantum phase slips in 1D atomic superfluids.

Quantum phase slips are the primary excitations in one-dimensional superfluids and superconductors at low temperatures but their existence in ultracold quantum gases has not been demonstrated yet. We now study experimentally the nucleation rate of phase slips in one-dimensional superfluids realized with ultracold quantum gases, flowing along a periodic potential. We observe a crossover between a regime of temperature-dependent dissipation at small velocity and interaction and a second regime of velocity-dependent dissipation at larger velocity and interaction.

Structural studies on choline-carboxylate bio-ionic liquids by x-ray scattering and molecular dynamics.

We report a X-ray diffraction and molecular dynamics study on three choline-based bio-ionic liquids, choline formate, [Ch] [For], choline propanoate, [Ch][Pro], and choline butanoate, [Ch][But]. For the first time, this class of ionic liquids has been investigated by X-ray diffraction. Experimental and theoretical structure factors have been compared for each term of the series.

Vibrations of bioionic liquids by ab initio molecular dynamics and vibrational spectroscopy.

Density functional theory and vibrational spectroscopy are used to investigate a class of bioionic liquids consisting of a choline cation and carboxylate anions. Through quantum mechanical studies of motionless ion pairs and molecular dynamics of small portions of the liquid, we have characterized important structural features of the ionic liquid. Hydrogen bonding produces stable ion pairs in the liquid and induces vibrational features of the carboxylate groups comparable with experimental results.

Observation of a disordered bosonic insulator from weak to strong interactions.

We employ ultracold atoms with controllable disorder and interaction to study the paradigmatic problem of disordered bosons in the full disorder-interaction plane. Combining measurements of coherence, transport and excitation spectra, we get evidence of an insulating regime extending from weak to strong interaction and surrounding a superfluidlike regime, in general agreement with the theory. For strong interaction, we reveal the presence of a strongly correlated Bose glass coexisting with a Mott insulator.

Vaporization of the prototypical ionic liquid BMImNTf₂ under equilibrium conditions: a multitechnique study.

The vaporization behaviour and thermodynamics of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonylimide (BMImNTf2) were studied by combining the Knudsen Effusion Mass Loss (KEML) and Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometry (KEMS) techniques. KEML studies were carried out in a large temperature range (398-567) K by using effusion orifices with 0.3, 1, and 3 mm diameters.

Transport of a Bose gas in 1D disordered lattices at the fluid-insulator transition.

We investigate the momentum-dependent transport of 1D quasicondensates in quasiperiodic optical lattices. We observe a sharp crossover from a weakly dissipative regime to a strongly unstable one at a disorder-dependent critical momentum. In the limit of nondisordered lattices the observations suggest a contribution of quantum phase slips to the dissipation.