Concordance Between Asthma Symptom Reports and Objective Lung Function, and Associations With Sleep Outcomes in Urban Children.

Objectives: To examine the extent to which asthma symptom concordance (ASC) or discordance (ASD) is associated with sleep outcomes in children with persistent asthma. Also, to investigate whether the association between ASC and sleep outcomes varies as a function of children's level of asthma control and severity.

Methods: A retrospective data analysis of Project NAPS (Nocturnal Asthma and Performance in School), an observational study which examined asthma and sleep outcomes in children with persistent asthma.

Management of Neonatal Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia: Trends Over Nine Years.

Background: With increasing use of diazoxide for hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH), reporting of serious side effects of diazoxide such as pulmonary hypertension (PHT) increased.

Methods: Charts of all children diagnosed with HH during the study period and evaluated by Pediatric Endocrinology division of the Hasbro Children's Hospital were reviewed. We analyzed diazoxide use among infants with HH with focus on infants born small for gestational age (SGA) and preterm infants.

Grazing sheep on pastures with tansy ragwort ( L.) - results of a two-year study on ingested pyrrolizidine alkaloids and transfer into animal organs.

Tansy ragwort ( L.) growing in animal pasture may pose a risk to humans due to the potential transfer of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) into food of animal origin. Here, we investigated what amount of PAs corresponds to the amount of ragwort consumed by sheep on a pasture and whether the ingested PAs are transferred into edible tissue.

An Evaluation of the Presence of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Information on Plastic Surgery Residency Program Websites.

Background: Increasing the diversity of plastic surgery trainees is an important step in providing optimal care for our increasingly diverse patient populations. Given that information presented on residency programs' websites can strongly influence applicants' decisions to apply to or rank a program, demonstrating a commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) on program websites may aid in recruiting applicants with URM background.

Methods: Using 8 DEI-related criteria, we evaluated the websites of 103 plastic surgery residency programs for the presence of DEI-related content during the month of June 2022.

Using Microeconomic Spending Traits to Inform Trends in Utilization of Cosmetic Procedures by Race and Ethnicity.

Background: Cosmetic plastic surgery in the United States is underutilized by African American and Hispanic populations compared with their White and Asian counterparts. This study evaluated whether microeconomic spending traits as a representation of financial stability can inform trends in cosmetic procedure volumes by racial group.

Methods: Annual volumes for the top five cosmetic surgical and cosmetic minimally invasive procedures by racial/ethnic group from 2012 to 2020 were collected from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons' annual reports.

Learning in context: Undergraduate students' knowledge and the content retention of anatomy between discipline-specific and integrated course approaches.

Undergraduate introductory human anatomy and human physiology courses are either taught as discipline-specific or integrated anatomy and physiology (A&P) sequences. An institution underwent a curricular revision to change the course approach from discipline-specific Human Anatomy and Human Physiology to an integrated A&P I and II sequence, allowing the unique opportunity to explore the potential role of contextual learning in academic achievement and content retention. Mediation and moderation analysis was used to evaluate lecture examinations, laboratory practical examinations, and anatomical content retention between the different course approaches.

Lung cancer screening provider recommendation and completion in black and White patients with a smoking history in two healthcare systems: a survey study.

Background: Annual lung cancer screening (LCS) with low dose CT reduces lung cancer mortality. LCS is underutilized. Black people who smoke tobacco have high risk of lung cancer but are less likely to be screened than are White people.

Identifying adolescents at risk for suboptimal adherence to tuberculosis treatment: A prospective cohort study.

Adolescents account for an estimated 800,000 incident tuberculosis (TB) cases annually and are at risk for suboptimal adherence to TB treatment. Most studies of adolescent TB treatment adherence have used surveillance data with limited psychosocial information. This prospective cohort study aimed to identify risk factors for suboptimal adherence to rifampicin-susceptible TB treatment among adolescents (10-19 years old) in Lima, Peru.

Characterizing after-hours hematology/oncology clinic calls.

Background: After-hour calls can be resource intensive and remain a significant challenge to medical practices, though they have historically been poorly or non-reimbursable services. This study reviews after-hour calls from hematology/oncology patients at a cancer center to characterize after-hour care needs, identify care gaps, and look for opportunities to improve outpatient healthcare delivery.

Methods: This descriptive, retrospective Institutional Review Board-approved study analyzed patient calls between June 2015 to February 2021 in an academic hematology/oncology practice.

Does destination make a difference? Outcomes after a policy change affecting cutoff times for prehospital transport.

Background: Facilitating primary triage and care at pediatric trauma centers (PTCs) can improve outcomes for children after trauma. However, scene location and regional emergency medical services regulations may result in initial evaluation occurring at nonpediatric facilities with later transportation to PTCs for definitive care. In this study, we assessed the results of a change in transport time cutoff from 30 to 45 minutes on pediatric patient outcomes.

Less qualitative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer can underestimate extraprostatic extension in higher grade tumors.

Background: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is increasingly used for risk stratification and preoperative staging of prostate cancer. It remains unclear how Grade Group (GG) interacts with the ability of mpMRI to determine the presence of extraprostatic extension (EPE) on surgical pathology.

Methods: A retrospective review of a robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) database from 2016-2020 was performed.

The Rising Incidence of Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia: Connection With Maternal Health.

Objective: Due to a perceived rise in hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) cases over time, notably during the COVID-19 pandemic, institutional experiences between 2013 and 2021 were reviewed to evaluate trends, characteristics, and outcomes in children with HH.

Methods: Charts of all children diagnosed with HH during the study period and evaluated by Pediatric Endocrinology were reviewed. HH was defined per Pediatric Endocrine Society guidelines.

An Analysis of Community-Level Socioeconomic Status Effects on Pricing Transparency and Variability of Hand Surgery Procedures.

Background: The hospital price transparency final rule requires hospitals to publish pricing information about provided items and services by means of 2 methods: (1) a comprehensive machine-readable file and (2) a display tool of selected shoppable services. Using machine-readable files on hospital websites, the authors examined trends in pricing transparency and variation in association with community-level socioeconomic factors for 3 common hand surgery procedures among Association of American Medical Colleges-affiliated hospitals.

Methods: Available discount cash prices and payer-specific negotiated prices for CPT codes 64721, 26615, and 25111 were recorded.

Clinical Psychosocial Risk Factors for Sex Trafficking Involvement Among Adolescent Girls.

Purpose: This study assessed the characteristics that place adolescent girls at greatest risk for sex trafficking involvement. It was hypothesized that girls with a greater history of risk behaviors, unstable home environments, child maltreatment, and increased psychiatric complexity would be more likely to be involved in domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST).

Methods: Retrospective chart review of two cohorts of adolescent girls, one with known DMST history, and an age-matched cohort without DMST history, was conducted.

"I Was Here First, Why Did They Go Before Me": Examining Patients'Perceptions of Priority in a Psychometric Study of Emergency Department Triage.

Introduction: Unrealistic patient expectations for wait times can lead to poor satisfaction. This study's dual purpose was: (1) to address disparities between patients' perceived priority level and the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) assigned by emergency room triage nurses; and (2) to evaluate validity and reliability of using the Patient Perception of Priority to be Seen Survey (PPPSS) to investigate patient expectations for emergency department urgency.

Methods: A two-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental approach compared patient urgency opinions to nurse urgency ratings with and without a scripted educational intervention.

Increases in Ambulance Call Volume Are an Early Warning Sign of Major COVID-19 Surges in Children.

Background: Infectious diseases, including COVID-19, have a severe impact on child health globally. We investigated whether emergency medical service (EMS) calls are a bellwether for future COVID-19 caseloads. We elaborated on geographical hotspots and socioeconomic risk factors.

Readmission Risk after COVID-19 Hospitalization: A Moderation Analysis by Vital Signs.

Objective: Readmission to the hospital after hospitalization with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Hospital clinicians may identify the presence of a patient's comorbid conditions, overall severity of illness, and clinical status at discharge as risk factors for readmission. Objective data are lacking to support reliance on these factors for discharge decision making.

Prevalence and trends of infection among persons requiring maintenance hemodialysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: infection (CDI) is among the most common cause of healthcare-associated infections. Persons requiring maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are at increased risk of CDI and associated mortality compared to persons not requiring MHD. Given the clinical impact of CDI among persons requiring MHD, we aimed to quantify the burden of CDI and trends over time in this patient population.

Disease Severity in Vaccinated Adults Hospitalized with Breakthrough COVID-19.

Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is widely used and confers protection against morbidity and mortality in COVID-19. Little is known about disease severity and outcomes in fully vaccinated patients during hospitalization for COVID-19. To determine whether vaccination status and time from vaccination-to-hospitalization impacted disease severity in patients admitted with COVID-19.

Reliability of Time Domain AS-OCT in Measuring the Extraocular Rectus Muscle Insertion-Limbus Distances: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: The insertion-limbus distances of the extraocular muscles are clinically relevant in the preoperative planning of strabismus surgeries, especially in reoperations when information regarding insertion sites is not accessible to the surgeon. In this systematic review, we assess the reliability of time-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (TD AS-OCT) in determining insertion-limbus distances preoperatively by investigating prior studies that compare preoperative TD AS-OCT measurements of the insertion-limbus distances to those of calipers, which are assumed to be the gold standard.

Methods: Systematically reviewing EMBASE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science, 2 members screened for studies that compared preoperative TD AS-OCT measurements to those of intraoperative calipers, the gold standard.