Effects of phase vector and history extension on prediction power of adaptive-network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model for a real scale anaerobic wastewater treatment plant operating under unsteady state.

A conceptual neural fuzzy model based on adaptive-network based fuzzy inference system, ANFIS, was proposed using available input on-line and off-line operational variables for a sugar factory anaerobic wastewater treatment plant operating under unsteady state to estimate the effluent chemical oxygen demand, COD. The predictive power of the developed model was improved as a new approach by adding the phase vector and the recent values of COD up to 5-10 days, longer than overall retention time of wastewater in the system. History of last 10 days for COD effluent with two-valued phase vector in the input variable matrix including all parameters had more predictive power.

Prediction of average biofilm density and performance of a spherical bioparticle under substrate inhibition.

In this article, a model was proposed to predict the average performance and biofilm density of a spherical bioparticle under substrate inhibition in a fluidized bed system. The average biofilm density and substrate consumption rates were predicted for a definite biofilm thickness and limiting substrate concentrations. A diffusion and reaction model was developed over the bioparticle with biofilm-density dependent effective diffusion coefficients for maximum substrate consumption theory.

Optimization of electrochemical treatment of industrial paint wastewater with response surface methodology.

The electrochemical oxidation of water-based paint wastewater was investigated batch-wise in the presence of NaCl electrolyte with carbon electrodes for the first time in literature. The electrochemical treatment conditions were optimized using response surface methodology where potential difference, reaction temperature and electrolyte concentration were to be minimized while chemical oxygen demand (COD), color and turbidity removal percents and initial COD removal rate were maximized at 100% pollution load. The optimum conditions were satisfied at 35 g/L external electrolyte concentration, 30 degrees C reaction temperature and 8 V potential difference (64.

Optimization of lactose utilization in deproteinated whey by Kluyveromyces marxianus using response surface methodology (RSM).

Kluyveromyces marxianus Y-8281 yeast culture was utilized for the biological treatment of deproteinated whey wastewater in a batch system. Removal of lactose was optimized by the utilization of response surface methodology, RSM. The empirical model developed through RSM in terms of effective operational factors of medium pH, temperature, lactose and ammonia concentrations was found adequate to describe the treatment of deproteinated whey.

Reaction conditions for laccase catalyzed polymerization of catechol.

Poly(catechol) was synthesized in batch runs with laccase from Trametes versicolor (ATCC 200801). The polymerization reaction was conducted in a closed, temperature controlled system containing acetone and sodium acetate buffer for pH control. The effects of the solvent mixture, monomer (catechol), enzyme, medium pH and temperature on the polymerization rate were investigated with respect to initial reaction conditions and depletion rate of dissolved oxygen in the medium.

Optimization of urease immobilization onto non-porous HEMA incorporated poly(EGDMA) microbeads and estimation of kinetic parameters.

Jack bean urease (urea aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.

Non-passivating polymeric structures in electrochemical conversion of phenol in the presence of NaCl.

The formation of non-passivating polymeric structures was investigated during electrochemical conversion of phenol using carbon electrodes and NaCl as electrolyte. The influence of initial phenol concentration, current density and reaction temperature on phenol conversion and polymer morphology was studied by FTIR and STM, while the fate of intermediate compounds was analyzed by GC/MS. Unlike previous work, non-passivating solid polymer was produced at high voltage and current density values in the presence of NaCl.

Reaction kinetics for laccase-catalyzed polymerization of 1-naphthol.

Laccase-catalyzed oxidative polymerization of 1-naphthol was carried out in a closed system containing acetone and sodium acetate buffer. The effects of initial 1-naphthol and dissolved oxygen concentrations on the initial reaction rate were investigated. A multiplicative mathematical model, using a function of 1-naphthol and dissolved oxygen concentrations, was developed for enzymatic polymerization and the corresponding biokinetic parameters have been evaluated for the first time.

General anti-microbial properties of the integument in fleece producing sheep and goats.

Based on lectin histochemical methods, this study describes the production and distribution of various terminal sugars in the integument of Merino sheep and Angora goats. Additionally, pH measurements were performed for information about environmental conditions of microbes on the skin surface and in the fleece. The results demonstrated strongly positive reactions for alpha-L-fucose in the stratum corneum of Merino sheep, and in the secretions of the skin glands of Angora goats.

[History of the Turkish angora goat with remarks on the wild ancestor of the domestic coat].

The study describes the ancient (3000 B.C.-15th/16th Century A.

[Histochemical and biochemical studies of the circannual aspects of carbohydrate-dependent energy metabolism of the hair follicles of Turkish Angora goats].

Based on biopsy material, the study describes circannual variations of the accumulation of glycogen and organic carbon in the hair follicles. The results have been obtained by histochemical and biochemical methods. The histochemical-densitometric analysis of glycogen contents in the cells of the outer epithelial root sheath of the hair follicles exhibited a clear circannual course, with maxima in May/June and December, and minima in March and August.

Ultrastructual changes of corpora cavernosa in vascular erectile dysfunction.

Corpora cavernosa of 4 impotent patients with arterial pathology and 6 with venous insufficiency were studied by electron microscopy. The findings in all of the smooth muscle samples were the following: pronounced thickening of the basal lamina; marked reduction of contractile myofilaments and electron dense bodies; finger-like cytoplasmic projections; increase in mitochondria with swelling and aggregation; huge protrusions of nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm; increased proportion of interstitial matrix to smooth muscle cells. These were more marked in the dark than in the light cells, which was considered as the beginning of degeneration.

[Microscopic studies of the skin of Turkish angora goats. III. Cyclic annual growth of the sebaceous glands and hypodermis].

The study describes circannual variations of growth in sebaceous glands and hypodermis. The results have been obtained by light microscopical and lipid histochemical methods. The sebaceous glands showed high secretory activities during the summer months, obviously as related to increasing fibre lengths.

Carbohydrate histochemistry of skin glands in the Turkish Angora goat.

The skin glands of the general body surface of the Turkish Angora goat were studied by means of selected carbohydrate histochemical methods, in particular several PO-lectin procedures. Both gland types exhibited intensive secretion production, irrespective of season and body region. The different histochemical staining procedures demonstrated that glycoconjugates, especially neutral glycoproteins are present in the secretory cells and secretion products of the apocrine glands.

A comparative study of the performance of solid supported and soluble urease for the enzymatic hydrolysis of urea.

The performance of both free and solid supported urease for the enzymatic hydrolysis of urea was studied. Kinetic analysis of reaction rate data shows that the kinetic data were consistent with the proposed model. Statistical tests validated the model.

[Microscopic studies of the skin of the Turkish angora goat. II. Functional morphology of the hair follicle].

The study supplies a detailed description of the development, morphology and function of anagen hair follicles in the Turkish Angora goat. In this connection, the formation of the hair root and the epithelial root sheaths is of specific interest. Furthermore, the intensive structural alterations and disintegrative processes occurring during the catagen phase are presented.

[Microscopic studies of the skin of the Turkish Angora goat. I. Skin layers].

The study describes basic structural aspects of the integumental layers (epidermis, dermis, hypodermis) of the Turkish Angora goat. The results have been obtained by light- and electronmicroscopical methods. Central topics are measurements of layer thickness as related to annual season and life period, as well as typical criteria of integumental layer construction as connected with the hair cycle.

Ethylene from penicillium digitatum.

Ethylene is an example of a bulk chemical commodity that could be produced by fermentation. The production of ethylene using Penicillium digitatum, and the effects of adapting this fungus to a submerged culture, are reported here.