Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance among children in the world health organization regions between 2000 and 2023: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection causes gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. The infection is typically acquired in childhood and persists throughout life. The major impediment to successful therapy is antibiotic resistance.

Fecal microbiota transplantation: current challenges and future landscapes.

SUMMARYGiven the importance of gut microbial homeostasis in maintaining health, there has been considerable interest in developing innovative therapeutic strategies for restoring gut microbiota. One such approach, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), is the main "whole gut microbiome replacement" strategy and has been integrated into clinical practice guidelines for treating recurrent infection (rCDI). Furthermore, the potential application of FMT in other indications such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), metabolic syndrome, and solid tumor malignancies is an area of intense interest and active research.

Case Series: Efficacy of Polyclonal Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Refractory Infection.

Background: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) for infection (CDI) no longer features in treatment guidelines. However, IVIg is still used by some clinicians for severe or recurrent CDI (rCDI) cases. The main objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of IVIg and to identify possible predictors of disease resolution post IVIg administration for patients with CDI.

Protective effects of fecal microbiota transplantation against ischemic stroke and other neurological disorders: an update.

The bidirectional communication between the gut and brain or gut-brain axis is regulated by several gut microbes and microbial derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, and lipopolysaccharides. The Gut microbiota (GM) produce neuroactives, specifically neurotransmitters that modulates local and central neuronal brain functions. An imbalance between intestinal commensals and pathobionts leads to a disruption in the gut microbiota or dysbiosis, which affects intestinal barrier integrity and gut-immune and neuroimmune systems.

Sleep apnoea, gut dysbiosis and cognitive dysfunction.

Sleep disorders are becoming increasingly common, and their distinct effects on physical and mental health require elaborate investigation. Gut dysbiosis (GD) has been reported in sleep-related disorders, but sleep apnoea is of particular significance because of its higher prevalence and chronicity. Cumulative evidence has suggested a link between sleep apnoea and GD.

MicroRNA-based therapeutics for inflammatory disorders of the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

An emerging but less explored shared pathophysiology across microbiota-gut-brain axis disorders is aberrant miRNA expression, which may represent novel therapeutic targets. miRNAs are small, endogenous non-coding RNAs that are important transcriptional repressors of gene expression. Most importantly, they regulate the integrity of the intestinal epithelial and blood-brain barriers and serve as an important communication channel between the gut microbiome and the host.

The synergistic effect of IBRC-M10790 and vitamin D3 on -induced inflammation.

Background: Owing to the emergence and spread of multidrug resistance mechanisms in , achieving a successful eradication has become exceedingly difficult. Thus, this study for the first time determines the effect of a combination of vitamin D3 and probiotic on the pathogenesis and treatment of .

Methods: We established an experimental system using AGS human gastric carcinoma cells and explored the synergistic effect of IBRC-M10790 and vitamin D3 on .

Plant-Derived Products with Therapeutic Potential against Gastrointestinal Bacteria.

The rising burden of antimicrobial resistance and increasing infectious disease outbreaks, including the recent COVID-19 pandemic, has led to a growing demand for the development of natural products as a valuable source of leading medicinal compounds. There is a wide variety of active constituents found in plants, making them an excellent source of antimicrobial agents with therapeutic potential as alternatives or potentiators of antibiotics. The structural diversity of phytochemicals enables them to act through a variety of mechanisms, targeting multiple biochemical pathways, in contrast to traditional antimicrobials.

Microbial-Immune Crosstalk in Elderly-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Unchartered Territory.

Elderly-onset inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients exhibit a distinct natural history compared to younger IBD patients, with unique disease phenotypes, differential responses to therapy, and increased surgical morbidity and mortality. Despite the foreseeable high demand for personalized medicine and specialized IBD care in the elderly, current paradigms of IBD management fail to capture the required nuances of care for elderly-onset IBD patients. Our review postulates the roles of systemic and mucosal immunosenescence, inflammageing and a dysbiotic microbial ecosystem in the pathophysiology of elderly-onset IBD.

Role of Endogenous Lipopolysaccharides in Neurological Disorders.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a cell-wall immunostimulatory endotoxin component of Gram-negative bacteria. A growing body of evidence reveals that alterations in the bacterial composition of the intestinal microbiota (gut dysbiosis) disrupt host immune homeostasis and the intestinal barrier function. Microbial dysbiosis leads to a proinflammatory milieu and systemic endotoxemia, which contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders.

The Influence of Gut Dysbiosis in the Pathogenesis and Management of Ischemic Stroke.

Recent research on the gut microbiome has revealed the influence of gut microbiota (GM) on ischemic stroke pathogenesis and treatment outcomes. Alterations in the diversity, abundance, and functions of the gut microbiome, termed gut dysbiosis, results in dysregulated gut-brain signaling, which induces intestinal barrier changes, endotoxemia, systemic inflammation, and infection, affecting post-stroke outcomes. Gut-brain interactions are bidirectional, and the signals from the gut to the brain are mediated by microbially derived metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs); bacterial components, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS); immune cells, such as T helper cells; and bacterial translocation via hormonal, immune, and neural pathways.

Therapeutic potential of miRNAs in infection.

Tweetable abstract Treating infection with miRNAs alone or combined with live biotherapeutic products may augment therapeutic efficacy and help counteract drug resistance in the future.

Clostridioides difficile epidemiology in India.

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) continues to affect hospitalized patients and community populations worldwide. In contrast to the substantial resources invested in the diagnosis and prevention of CDI in high-income countries, this anaerobic toxigenic bacterium has been largely overlooked in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) such as India, where there remains a paucity of epidemiologic data evaluating the burden of CDI. Extensive multi-institutional studies describing C.

A Multi-Factorial Observational Study on Sequential Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Patients with Medically Refractory Infection.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is highly effective in recurrent infection (CDI); increasing evidence supports FMT in severe or fulminant infection (SFCDI). However, the multifactorial mechanisms that underpin the efficacy of FMT are not fully understood. Systems biology approaches using high-throughput technologies may help with mechanistic dissection of host-microbial interactions.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on prevalence of Clostridioides difficile infection in a UK tertiary centre.

Serious concerns have been raised about a possible increase in cases of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a retrospective observational single centre study which revealed that total combined community and hospital-based quarterly rates of CDI decreased during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period.

: innovations in target discovery and potential for therapeutic success.

Introduction: infection (CDI) remains a worldwide clinical problem. Increased incidence of primary infection, occurrence of hypertoxigenic ribotypes, and more frequent occurrence of drug resistant, recurrent, and non-hospital CDI, emphasizes the urgent unmet need of discovering new therapeutic targets.

Areas Covered: We searched PubMed and Web of Science databases for articles identifying novel therapeutic targets or treatments for from 2001 to 2021.

Gut dysbiosis, defective autophagy and altered immune responses in neurodegenerative diseases: Tales of a vicious cycle.

The human microbiota comprises trillions of symbiotic microorganisms and is involved in regulating gastrointestinal (GI), immune, nervous system and metabolic homeostasis. Recent observations suggest a bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the brain via immune, circulatory and neural pathways, termed the Gut-Brain Axis (GBA). Alterations in gut microbiota composition, such as seen with an increased number of pathobionts and a decreased number of symbionts, termed gut dysbiosis or microbial intestinal dysbiosis, plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders.

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection Associates With Functional Alterations in Circulating microRNAs.

Background And Aims: The molecular mechanisms underlying successful fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) remain poorly understood. The primary objective of this study was to characterize alterations in microRNAs (miRs) following FMT for rCDI.

Methods: Sera from 2 prospective multicenter randomized controlled trials were analyzed for miRNA levels with the use of the Nanostring nCounter platform and quantitative reverse-transcription (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Changes in IgA-targeted microbiota following fecal transplantation for recurrent infection.

Secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) interacts with intestinal microbiota and promotes mucosal homeostasis. IgA-bacteria interactions are altered during inflammatory diseases, but how these interactions are shaped by bacterial, host, and environmental factors remains unclear. In this study, we utilized IgA-SEQ to profile IgA-bound fecal bacteria in 48 recurrent patients before and after successful fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to gain further insight.