Attitudes and Intentions toward Use of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) among Adults Receiving Treatment for Opioid Use.

Although pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prevents HIV, little is known about PrEP awareness and factors associated with intention to take PrEP among people with opioid use disorder (OUD). HIV-negative adults recruited from an outpatient treatment program in Cincinnati, Ohio completed self-administered surveys. Items derived from literature and health behavioral theory included demographics, sexual and drug use behaviors, HIV prevention practices, PrEP knowledge, and attitudes toward PrEP.

Attitudes Toward and Experiences With Discussing Pre-exposure Prophylaxis With Sexual Partners Among US Adolescents and Young Adults Living With HIV.

Purpose: Sexual partners of youth living with HIV are a key population for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Among youth engaged in HIV medical care, we examined awareness of PrEP and experiences with and attitudes toward discussing PrEP with sexual partners.

Methods: We recruited 25 15-24-year olds from an adolescent/young adult HIV clinic to complete individual interviews.

Primary Care Physician Attitudes and Intentions Toward the Use of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in Adolescents in One Metropolitan Region.

Purpose: Understanding the attitudes of physicians toward the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention among youth is critical to improving access to PrEP. We examined PrEP-related attitudes among physicians who provide primary care to 13- to 21-year-old adolescents.

Methods: Individual, in-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 38 physicians from adolescent medicine, family practice, internal medicine/medicine-pediatrics, obstetrics/gynecology, and pediatrics who care for any adolescents younger than 18 years.

Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV Prevention in Adolescents and Young Adults.

Purpose Of Review: To review the literature about oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention, with specific focus on adolescents.

Recent Findings: Use of PrEP reduces new HIV infections among men who have sex with men, heterosexuals, and people who inject drugs. One combination antiretroviral medication is approved for PrEP in the U.

Sexually transmitted infections and immune activation among HIV-infected but virally suppressed youth on antiretroviral therapy.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with chronic immune activation, and concurrent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may increase immune activation.

Objectives: Because HIV-infected youth are at high risk of STIs and little is known about the impact of STIs on immune activation in HIV-infected youth, we conducted an exploratory study examining the association between STIs and systemic inflammation and immune activation among HIV-infected adolescents.

Study Design: Forty-nine behaviorally infected U.

HIV Care Providers' Intentions to Prescribe and Actual Prescription of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to At-Risk Adolescents and Adults.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is indicated for use in US adults, and little is known about clinician intentions to prescribe and actual prescription of PrEP to adolescents younger than 18. Fifty-six clinicians who care for HIV-infected and at-risk youth completed an anonymous online survey in 2014. Primary outcomes were (1) intentions to prescribe PrEP to adolescents and adults in four risk categories [men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender women, heterosexuals with multiple partners of unknown HIV status, heterosexuals with HIV-infected partners]; and (2) actual prescription of PrEP to adolescents and adults in these risk groups.

Human Papillomavirus Vaccine-Related Risk Perceptions Do Not Predict Sexual Initiation Among Young Women Over 30 Months Following Vaccination.

Purpose: We examined longitudinally the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine-related risk perceptions and initiation of sexual activity among adolescent women over 30 months after HPV vaccination.

Methods: Participants included 91 sexually inexperienced women aged 13-21 years receiving the HPV vaccine who completed at least three of five study visits. At every visit, participants completed surveys assessing HPV vaccine-related risk perceptions (perceived risk of sexually transmitted infections [STIs] other than HPV, perceived need for safer sexual behaviors), and sexual initiation.

Adolescent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care Providers' Attitudes Toward the Use of Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Youth.

Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention is currently indicated for use in adults in the United States and may soon be indicated for minor adolescents. However, implementation of PrEP use among minors may present unique barriers. We conducted 15 individual, semi-structured interviews among US clinicians caring for HIV-infected and at-risk youth.

Human papillomavirus vaccine-related risk perceptions and subsequent sexual behaviors and sexually transmitted infections among vaccinated adolescent women.

Objective: To examine the association between risk perceptions after human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and sexual behaviors and sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnosis over 30months following vaccination.

Methods: Participants included 112 sexually experienced girls aged 13-21years who were enrolled at the time of first HPV vaccination and completed ⩾2 of 4 follow-up visits at 2, 6, 18, 30months and including 30months. At each visit, participants completed surveys assessing risk perceptions (perceived need for safer sexual behaviors, perceived risk of STIs other than HPV) and sexual behaviors.

Evaluation and Management of Adolescents with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding.

The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics and the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists support the use of new terminology for abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) to consistently categorize AUB by etiology. The term AUB can be further classified as AUB/heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) (replacing the term "menorrhagia") or AUB/intermenstrual bleeding (replacing the term "metrorrhagia"). Although many cases of AUB in adolescent women are attributable to immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, underlying bleeding disorders should be considered in women with AUB/HMB.

Syphilis among adolescents and young adults in Cincinnati, Ohio: testing, infection and characteristics of youth with syphilis infection.

Little is known about the epidemiology of syphilis among adolescents and young adults. This study examined, among more than 17000 young people aged 13-22 years old, trends in rates of syphilis testing and infection; characteristics of infected adolescents; and agreement about syphilis staging and treatment between provider and chart reviewer. Rates of syphilis testing increased but rates of syphilis infection did not increase significantly over a 5-year period.

Risk perceptions and subsequent sexual behaviors after HPV vaccination in adolescents.

Objectives: Concerns have been raised that human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination could lead to altered risk perceptions and an increase in risky sexual behaviors among adolescents. The aim of this study was to assess whether adolescent risk perceptions after the first vaccine dose predicted subsequent sexual behaviors.

Methods: Young women 13 to 21 years of age (N = 339) completed questionnaires immediately after HPV vaccination, and 2 and 6 months later, assessing demographic characteristics, knowledge/attitudes about HPV vaccination, risk perceptions, and sexual behaviors.

Incident anal human papillomavirus and human papillomavirus-related sequelae in HIV-infected versus HIV-uninfected adolescents in the United States.

Background: Little is known about the incidence of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and related sequelae, as well as factors associated with these outcomes, among adolescents who are HIV infected versus HIV uninfected but at risk.

Methods: We analyzed the data from a multisite US study, the Reaching for Excellence in Adolescent Care and Health Project. Adolescents aged 12 to 18 years who were behaviorally HIV infected (n = 319) or HIV uninfected but at risk (n = 177) were recruited.

Human papillomavirus vaccine communication: perspectives of 11-12 year-old girls, mothers, and clinicians.

Objectives: Because little is known about the content of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine-related discussions with young adolescent girls in clinical settings, we explored communication between 11- and 12 year-old girls, mothers, and clinicians regarding HPV vaccines and concordance in reports of maternal and clinician communication.

Methods: We conducted individual interviews with 33 girls who had received the quadrivalent HPV vaccine in urban and suburban clinical settings, their mothers, and their clinicians. Data were analyzed using qualitative methods.

Adolescent perceptions of risk and need for safer sexual behaviors after first human papillomavirus vaccination.

Objectives: To (1) examine perceptions of risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), (2) examine perceived need for safer sexual behaviors, and (3) determine factors associated with less perceived need for safer sexual behaviors, all in the context of receiving the first HPV vaccination.

Design: Cross-sectional baseline analysis from an ongoing longitudinal cohort study.

Setting: An urban hospital-based adolescent primary care clinic.

Changes in human immunodeficiency virus testing rates among urban adolescents after introduction of routine and rapid testing.

Objectives: To examine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing rates among adolescents during a 3-year period to determine (1) if the rate of testing increased after publication of national recommendations for routine HIV testing in 2006, and again after the introduction of rapid testing in the clinic in 2007, and (2) factors associated with HIV testing.

Design: Retrospective medical record review.

Setting: Urban hospital-based adolescent primary care clinic.