Clinical and lung function outcomes in a cohort of children with severe asthma.

Background: Uncontrolled severe asthma in children is burdensome and challenging to manage. This study aims to describe outcomes in children with uncontrolled severe asthma managed in a nurse-led severe asthma clinic (SAC).

Methods: This retrospective analysis uses data collected from children referred by a paediatric respiratory specialist to a nurse-led SAC for uncontrolled severe asthma between 2014 and 2019.

Polysomnography for the management of oxygen supplementation therapy in infants with chronic lung disease of prematurity.

Some infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) may require oxygen supplementation at home but a role for overnight polysomnography (PSG) in the management of home oxygen therapy has been rarely described. Forty-one infants with BPD born at less than 30 weeks gestational age were discharged with continuous home oxygen supplementation therapy between 2010 and 2013. PSG data were recorded on oxygen supplementation versus room air at median corrected age of 2 months (range 1-5 months) (first PSG after discharge to home).

Bacterial causes of empyema in children, Australia, 2007-2009.

An increase in the incidence of empyema worldwide could be related to invasive pneumococcal disease caused by emergent nonvaccine replacement serotypes. To determine bacterial pathogens and pneumococcal serotypes that cause empyema in children in Australia, we conducted a 2-year study of 174 children with empyema. Blood and pleural fluid samples were cultured, and pleural fluid was tested by PCR.

Pleural fluid nucleic acid testing enhances pneumococcal surveillance in children.

Background And Objective: National surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) includes serotyping Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) isolates from sterile site cultures. PCR is more sensitive and can identify more SP serotypes (STs) in culture-negative samples. The aim of this study was to determine whether enhanced surveillance of childhood empyema, using PCR, provides additional serotype information compared with conventional surveillance.

A bedside assay to detect streptococcus pneumoniae in children with empyema.

Background: Empyema is a complication of pneumonia, commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Aims: To validate the utility of an immunochromatographic test for the detection of S. pneumoniae antigen in the pleural fluid of children with empyema.

Polysomnographic outcome of adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea in children under 5 years old.

Objective: To determine success rates after adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); postoperative polysomnogram (PSG) results were compared with preoperative results in children younger than 5 years.

Methods: Thirty-four children with a preoperative respiratory disturbance index (RDI) greater than 5 in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep underwent both preoperative and postoperative PSG with at least five of seven parameters recorded.

Results: Preoperatively, mean total RDI was 15.

Inhaled corticosteroids in children with asthma: pharmacologic determinants of safety and efficacy and other clinical considerations.

The role of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in the treatment of childhood asthma has been well established. An ideal corticosteroid should demonstrate high pulmonary deposition and residency time, in addition to a low systemic bioavailability and rapid systemic clearance. The lung depositions of the ICS have been compared, with beclomethasone (beclometasone)-hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) and ciclesonide showing the highest lung deposition.

Persistence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children after adenotonsillectomy.

Objective: To investigate the relative contribution of various risk factors to the surgical outcome of adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children.

Study Design: Children (n = 110; mean age, 6.4 +/- 3.

Polysomnographic characteristics in normal preschool and early school-aged children.

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe overnight polysomnographic measures in normal children aged 3 to 7 years. We conducted a retrospective analysis of normal polysomnographic evaluations from participants in 2 large community-based studies of sleep-disordered breathing among preschoolers and early school-aged children at Kosair Children's Hospital Sleep Medicine Research Center at the University of Louisville. Participants included 542 healthy children with ages ranging from 3.

Effects of glucocorticoids on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in children and adults.

Inhaled and intranasal corticosteroids are widely used as effective, first-line treatments for asthma and allergic rhinitis. Despite a good safety profile of these formulations, there is increasing concern about their propensity to produce systemic adverse effects. Suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is one of the most important potential complications.