In Vivo Assessment of the Pediatric Trabecular Meshwork, Schlemm Canal, and Iridocorneal Angle Using Overhead-Mounted Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: To describe the in vivo morphologic characteristics of the trabecular meshwork (TM), Schlemm canal (SC), and iridocorneal angle in pediatric patients with normal eyes, glaucoma, and cataract.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Study Population: A total of 41 children (70 eyes) were enrolled, comprising 28 normal eyes, 19 eyes with glaucoma, and 26 eyes with cataract (15 pre-, 11 post-lensectomy).

Modernizing the evaluation of infantile nystagmus: the role of handheld optical coherence tomography.

Background: Infantile nystagmus syndrome can be associated with an afferent problem (anterior or posterior segment) or constitute an isolated idiopathic disorder. With a normal ophthalmic examination, current guidelines recommend electroretinography (ERG) rather than magnetic resonance (MRI) for preliminary workup. Given the limited use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in preverbal children, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of handheld OCT (HH-OCT) in the initial diagnostic evaluation of infantile nystagmus.

Determining relative thickness of inner retinal layers on single-line foveal optical coherence tomography (OCT) in healthy pediatric eyes-normative data for handheld OCT.

Background: Handheld optical coherence tomography (HH-OCT) lacks integrated segmentation/analysis software. Optic neuropathies cause ganglion cell layer (GCL) thinning, with normal to thickened inner nuclear layer (INL), suggesting the potential value of estimating the GCL/INL ratio on single-line foveal HH-OCT scans. This study determines this ratio in macular scans from healthy eyes of young children using HH-OCT and overhead-mounted OCT.

Retinal injury identified by overhead-mounted optical coherence tomography in two young children with infantile-onset glaucoma.

Purpose: To report and characterize unexpected retinal findings identified by imaging with overhead-mounted optical coherence tomography (OCT) in 2 young children with infantile-onset glaucoma.

Methods: Children with glaucoma were imaged during clinically indicated examinations under anesthesia using overhead-mounted HRA+OCT Spectralis with Flex module (Flex-OCT, Heidelberg, Germany) from February 2017 through February 2022. Imagers prioritized scans of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), optic nerve head, and macula.

"Coming up short" with an illuminated microcatheter for circumferential trabeculotomy externo in the buphthalmic infant eye: frequency and options.

An illuminated microcatheter is frequently used to perform trabeculotomy ab externo in infants with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). Enlarged corneas in these children can make it challenging to traverse 360 of Schlemm's canal (SC) before reaching the passable limit of the microcatheter. Using basic geometry, we predicted that the iTrack microcatheter would fail to cannulate SC completely in eyes with a horizontal corneal diameter (HCD) >14.

Intraoperative Mounted Optical Coherence Tomography Findings Following Reversal of Optic Nerve Head Cupping in Childhood Glaucoma.

Purpose: To examine the structural changes occurring in the optic nerve head (ONH) and macula in infants with childhood glaucoma and clinically observed ONH cupping reversal following intraocular pressure (IOP)-reducing glaucoma surgery, as captured by intra-operative spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Design: Retrospective observational case series from an ongoing prospective cohort study.

Methods: Included were 18 eyes of 14 patients with childhood glaucoma.

Rebound tonometry by iCare 200 (IC200): comparison with Tono-Pen in the operating room and Goldmann applanation in the clinic.

Background: Tonometry guides decision making in children with known or suspected glaucoma. The iCare IC200 is a recently FDA-approved rebound tonometer that can measure intraocular pressure (IOP) in both supine and upright patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this new tonometer against more commonly used standard instruments: Tono-Pen in the operating room (OR arm) and Goldmann applanation in the clinic (clinic arm).

Outcomes and lessons learned from two decades' experience with glaucoma drainage device implantation for refractory Sturge Weber-associated childhood glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implantation for refractory pediatric glaucoma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS).

Methods: The medical records of consecutive children with SWS-associated glaucoma at a single center who were treated by a single surgeon using GDDs over 20 years were reviewed retrospectively. The main outcome measure was GDD treatment success, defined as absence of any of the following indications of treatment failure: (1) intraocular pressure (IOP) of >21 mm Hg on two consecutive visits despite maximal medical therapy, (2) additional IOP-lowering surgery, and (3) sight-threatening complications.

Endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) for childhood glaucoma: a large single-center cohort experience.

Purpose: To assess the factors associated with successful outcomes in the management of childhood glaucoma treated with endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) as both primary and adjunctive surgery.

Methods: The medical records of consecutive children with glaucoma treated by a single surgeon at a single center over a 17-year period using ECP procedures were reviewed retrospectively. Treatment failure was defined as (1) intraocular pressure (IOP) >24 mm Hg at two consecutive examinations despite maximal medical treatment, (2) any additional glaucoma surgery, (3) sight-threatening complications, or (4) progression to no light perception visual acuity.

Successive Uveal Melanomas with Different Gene Expression Profiles in an Eye with Ocular Melanocytosis.

Ocular melanocytosis portends a higher risk of uveal melanoma. Multifocal uveal melanoma has been described previously and has been associated with ocular melanocytosis. Historically, histopathology has been used to differentiate tumors; however, molecular profiling now allows for better prognostication and determination of metastatic risk.

The Association of Dietary Lutein plus Zeaxanthin and B Vitamins with Cataracts in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study: AREDS Report No. 37.

Purpose: To evaluate whether dietary intake of luteiin/zeaxanthin and B vitamins is associated with cataract prevalence and incidence.

Design: Clinic-based, baseline cross-sectional and prospective cohort study designs.

Participants: Three thousand one hundred fifteen patients (6129 eyes) enrolled in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 55 to 80 years of age followed up for mean of 9.

Inhaled amikacin for treatment of refractory pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease.

Rationale: Treatment of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria, especially Mycobacterium abscessus, requires prolonged, multidrug regimens with high toxicity and suboptimal efficacy. Options for refractory disease are limited.

Objectives: We reviewed the efficacy and toxicity of inhaled amikacin in patients with treatment-refractory nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease.

Systemic diagnostic testing in patients with apparently isolated uveal coloboma.

Purpose: To investigate the frequency and types of systemic findings in patients with apparently isolated uveal coloboma.

Design: Cross-sectional observational study.

Methods: setting: Single-center ophthalmic genetics clinic.

Treatment of geographic atrophy with subconjunctival sirolimus: results of a phase I/II clinical trial.

Purpose: To investigate the safety and effects of subconjunctival sirolimus, an mTOR inhibitor and immunosuppressive agent, for the treatment of geographic atrophy (GA).

Methods: The study was a single-center, open-label phase II trial, enrolling 11 participants with bilateral GA; eight participants completed 24 months of follow-up. Sirolimus (440 μg) was administered every 3 months as a subconjunctival injection in only one randomly assigned eye in each participant for 24 months.

Lipodermoid in a patient with Emanuel syndrome.

We report an 8-month-old boy with Emanuel syndrome who also had the clinical features of Goldenhar syndrome. At birth, he was observed to have bilateral microtia with multiple auricular pits, retrognathia, and a unilateral lipodermoid. Further testing revealed cardiac defects.

Prior elicitation and Bayesian analysis of the Steroids for Corneal Ulcers Trial.

Purpose: To elicit expert opinion on the use of adjunctive corticosteroid therapy in bacterial corneal ulcers. To perform a Bayesian analysis of the Steroids for Corneal Ulcers Trial (SCUT), using expert opinion as a prior probability.

Methods: The SCUT was a placebo-controlled trial assessing visual outcomes in patients receiving topical corticosteroids or placebo as adjunctive therapy for bacterial keratitis.

Depression and visual functioning in patients with ocular inflammatory disease.

Purpose: To characterize the level of depression in patients with ocular inflammatory disease and to determine predictors of depression in this population.

Design: Prospective cross-sectional survey and medical record review.

Methods: Participants were consecutive patients with noninfectious ocular inflammatory disease in a university-based tertiary referral center.