Determination of the optimal cut-off value of serum prostate-specific antigen in the prediction of skeletal metastases on technetium-99m whole-body bone scan by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Radionuclide whole-body bone scan is a useful investigation of choice to detect the skeletal metastases in prostate cancer. It is indicated in patients having elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (Sr. PSA) or patients with bone pain.

Technetium-99m Thyroid Scintigraphy and Human Leukocyte Antigen - B35 in Sub-Acute Thyroiditis.

Introduction: Sub-acute thyroiditis possibly caused by a viral infection of thyroid gland is associated with a surge in thyroxine levels of the patient. Women in the younger age group are affected more than men. Markedly decreased radioactive iodine thyroid uptakes in a setting of thyrotoxicosis associated with elevated thyroxine levels and reduced thyroid stimulating hormone levels usually clinches the diagnosis.

Radioactive Iodine-131 as a Definitive Treatment in Rare Association of Down Syndrome With Hyperthyroidism: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Down syndrome characterized by trisomy of chromosome 21 is frequently associated with thyroid dysfunctions due to underlying autoimmune disorders. Hypothyroidism is the commonest thyroid dysfunction and hyperthyroidism, usually Graves' disease, is far less common. On literature review, we came across approximately 112 cases reported so far with the first such case report in 1946.

Skeletal Metastases Presenting as Superscan on Technetium 99m Methylene Diphosphonate Whole Body Bone Scintigraphy in Different Type of Cancers: A 5-Year Retro-prospective Study.

The purpose of the study is to find out the overall incidence of superscan among different type of cancers, causes of superscan and its relationship with other parameters such as age, sex, duration of disease, and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. This was a retro-prospective study. Records of all previous bone scans and reported patients of superscan were re-evaluated retrospectively.

Radionuclide Esophageal Transit Scintigraphy in Primary Hypothyroidism.

Background/aims: Esophageal dysmotility is associated with gastrointestinal dysmotility in various systemic and neuroregulatory disorders. Hypothyroidism has been reported to be associated with impaired motor function in esophagus due to accumulation of glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid in its soft tissues, leading to changes in various contraction and relaxation parameters of esophagus, particularly in the lower esophageal sphincter. In this study we evaluated esophageal transit times in patients of primary hypothyroidism using the technique of radionuclide esophageal transit scintigraphy.

Nodular Graves' disease with medullary thyroid cancer.

Co-existence of thyroid nodules with Graves' disease has been reported in various studies. 10-15% of such nodules harbor thyroid cancer with papillary thyroid cancer being the commonest. Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) in nodules associated with Graves' disease is rare.

Comparison of phenobarbitone and ursodeoxycholic acid in drug-augmented hepatobiliary scintigraphy for excluding the diagnosis of obstructive cholestasis in neonatal cholestasis syndrome.

Objectives: Neonatal cholestasis is a common cause of jaundice among newborns. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy plays an important role in the diagnosis of neonatal cholestasis by ruling out extrahepatic biliary atresia, which is one of the common causes. Phenobarbitone and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) have been used to improve the specificity of hepatobiliary scintigraphy in ruling out obstructive causes of neonatal cholestasis syndrome (NCS).

Significant association of TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism in susceptibility to differentiated thyroid cancer.

Background: Among various polymorphic variants of TP53 gene, codon 72 polymorphism (Arg72Pro) has been found to be associated with cancer susceptibility, but only few studies have investigated their effect on thyroid cancer risk.

Objective: A case control study was conducted to elucidate the possible role of this SNP as risk factor in thyroid cancer development and to examine its correlation with various clinicopathological variables.

Methods: In this study, we tested the genotype distribution by PCR-RFLP in 140 thyroid cancer patients and 200 cancer-free controls from Kashmir Valley.

Possible Impact of RET Polymorphism and Its Haplotypic Association Modulates the Susceptibility to Thyroid Cancer.

Rearranged during Transfection (RET) gene polymorphisms act to influence thyroid cancer in a polygenic and low-penetrance manner and no study regarding RET alterations in thyroid cancer has undergone from this part of the world (North India). We evaluated RET G691S (rs1799939), L769L (rs1800861), and S904S (rs1800863) polymorphisms to elucidate their possible role as risk factors in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). Polymorphic analysis of RET gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).

Impaired gallbladder motility in adults with newly detected type 2 diabetes and lack of reversibility after achieving euglycemia.

Objective: The effects of hyperglycemia and normoglycemia on gallbladder emptying have not been studied in detail. This prospective case-control study was designed to investigate the gallbladder ejection fraction in patients with newly detected diabetes and to assess the impact of restoring normoglycemia on gallbladder ejection fraction in such patients.

Methods: (99m)Tc-mebrofenin scintigraphy was performed in 22 patients with newly detected type 2 diabetes for measurement of gallbladder ejection fraction.

Thyroid dyshormonogenesis and associated non-thyroidal anomalies in a tertiary care hospital in India.

Background: Dyshormonogenetic goiter refers to familial goiters owing to an inherited defect in the metabolism of thyroid hormones.

Methods: 19 patients with clinical and biochemically proven hypothyroidism (low T3, FT4 and high TSH) were recruited for the study. All patients were subjected to (i) ultrasound of the neck to rule out thyroid dysgenesis and (ii) technetium-99m radionuclide thyroid scintigraphy and a perchlorate discharge test (PDT).

Bone scintigraphy in Ollier's disease: A rare case report.

Ollier's disease is characterized by multiple skeletal enchondroma. There are published data regarding Ollier's disease being associated with vascular malformations and non-skeletal neoplasms. We report a case of Ollier's disease in a young male associated with osteochondroma, low grade glioma in the insular cortex of brain and Gilbert's syndrome.

Simultaneous occurrence of Graves' disease in eutopic and ectopic thyroid tissues: A case report and review of literature.

Ectopic thyroid tissue an uncommon condition results from abnormal migration of the primitive thyroid bud. This may be the only functional thyroid. Ectopic thyroid tissue may sometimes coexist with the eutopic thyroid gland.

Prevalence of abnormal gastric emptying in asymptomatic women with newly detected diabetes and its reversibility after glycemic control-a prospective case control study.

Objective: Effects of systemic hyperglycemia and normoglycemia on gastric emptying in people with type 2 diabetes are not clear. The aim of the study was to investigate the gastric emptying time in people with newly detected diabetes before and after control of diabetes compared with healthy controls.

Methods: Gastric emptying to solid meal was studied in 30 asymptomatic women with newly detected diabetes before and after achieving euglycemia and compared with 20 healthy age, sex and weight matched controls using egg white labelled with Technetium 99m Sulfur Colloid.

Radioactive waste management in a hospital.

Most of the tertiary care hospitals use radioisotopes for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Safe disposal of the radioactive waste is a vital component of the overall management of the hospital waste. An important objective in radioactive waste management is to ensure that the radiation exposure to an individual (Public, Radiation worker, Patient) and the environment does not exceed the prescribed safe limits.