Seasonal variation in semen quality of swamp buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis) in Thailand.

Aim: To test the hypothesis that season affects the semen quality of swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls used for artificial insemination (AI) under tropical conditions in Thailand, as it does in Bos taurus and Bos indicus.

Methods: Clinical and andrological examinations, and monitoring of semen production and quality were carried out on five mature, healthy swamp buffalo AI bulls in Thailand from July 2004 to the end of June 2005. Sperm output, motility, morphology and plasma membrane integrity (PMI) were compared between three seasons of the year (rainy, i.