Optimal final adult height achieved by low-dose recombinant human growth hormone therapy.

Background: Thailand has been administering the recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment for >20 years. Due to limited resources being available, efforts have been directed toward utilizing rhGH at the lowest feasible dose. However, there is currently a lack of evidence in terms of the efficacy and outcomes.

Vitamin D status in non-pregnant women of reproductive age: a study in Southern Thailand.

Vitamin D inadequacy is a global problem in all age groups. Although there are various studies of vitamin D status in pregnant women in Southeast Asia, to date there are few studies from Southeast Asia examining vitamin D status in non-pregnant women of reproductive age. To examine the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (VDI) in healthy non-pregnant women of reproductive age in Southern Thailand, 120 healthy non-pregnant women aged 18-42 years were enrolled.

Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency in 6-12-month-old infants: a cross-sectional study in Southern Thailand.

Background: Vitamin D is an essential micronutrient for bone mineralization and bone growth in children. There have been few studies to date of vitamin D status in infants aged 6-12 months in Southeast Asian countries.

Aim: To examine the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (VDI, including vitamin D deficiency) in healthy infants and the risk factors for VDI in southern Thailand.

Genetics of pubertal delay.

The timing of pubertal development is strongly influenced by the genetic background, and clinical presentations of delayed puberty are often found within families with clear patterns of inheritance. The discovery of the underlying genetic regulators of such conditions, in recent years through next generation sequencing, has advanced the understanding of the pathogenesis of disorders of pubertal timing and the potential for genetic testing to assist diagnosis for patients with these conditions. This review covers the significant advances in the understanding of the biological mechanisms of delayed puberty that have occurred in the last two decades.

Genetic evaluation supports differential diagnosis in adolescent patients with delayed puberty.

Context: Pubertal delay can be the clinical presentation of both idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and self-limited delayed puberty (SLDP). Distinction between these conditions is a common but important diagnostic challenge in adolescents.

Objective: To assess whether gene panel testing can assist with clinical differential diagnosis and to allow accurate and timely management of delayed puberty patients.

The etiologies and incidences of congenital hypothyroidism before and after neonatal TSH screening program implementation: a study in southern Thailand.

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the common causes of intellectual disability which can be prevented by early detection of an elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level in the newborn and by treatment with thyroxine. In Thailand, neonatal TSH screening was implemented nationwide in 2005. The objective of the study was to determine the etiologies and the estimated incidences of CH in southern Thailand before and after the implementation of a neonatal TSH screening program in 2005.

Etiologies of short stature in a pediatric endocrine clinic in Southern Thailand.

Background: Short stature is one of the common disorders referred for investigation of an endocrine disorder. The etiologies of short stature vary and are commonly grouped into pathological and non-pathological disorders. The objective of the study was to determine the etiologies and describe the characteristics of short stature patients who attended the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic and to compare factors between normal variant short stature (NVSS) and growth hormone deficiency (GHD).

Association between urinary phthalates and metabolic abnormalities in obese Thai children and adolescents.

Background: Several endocrine disruptors (including phthalates) are considered to be a cause of obesity. However, the current evidence has not conclusively established an association between phthalates and metabolic abnormalities, especially in children. The objective of the study was to evaluate the association between urinary phthalate metabolites and metabolic abnormalities in obese Thai children and adolescents.

DKA with Severe Hypertriglyceridemia and Cerebral Edema in an Adolescent Boy: A Case Study and Review of the Literature.

A 13-year-old adolescent boy with type 1 diabetes mellitus (1b) presented with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and cerebral edema. Grossly lipemic serum and lipemia retinals due to extremely high triglyceride (TG) level were observed without evidence of xanthoma or xanthelasma. Cerebral edema was treated by appropriate ventilation and mannitol administration.