Social cognition and paranoia in forensic inpatients with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study.

Background: People diagnosed with schizophrenia have difficulties in emotion recognition and theory of mind, and these may contribute to paranoia. The aim of this study was to determine whether this relationship is evident in patients residing in a secure forensic setting.

Method: Twenty-seven male participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and a history of offending behaviour were assessed using The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT), The Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ) and The Green et al.

What we talk about when we talk about recovery: a systematic review and best-fit framework synthesis of qualitative literature.

Background: The recovery approach is increasingly popular among mental-health services, but there is a lack of consensus about its applicability and it has been criticised for imposing professionalised ideas onto what was originally a service-user concept.

Aims: To carry out a review and synthesis of qualitative research to answer the question: "What do we know about how service users with severe and enduring mental illness experience the process of recovery?" It was hoped that this would improve clarity and increase understanding.

Method: A systematic review identified 15 peer-reviewed articles examining experiences of recovery.

The development and initial validation of the cognitive fusion questionnaire.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) emphasizes the relationship a person has with their thoughts and beliefs as potentially more relevant than belief content in predicting the emotional and behavioral consequences of cognition. In ACT, "defusion" interventions aim to "unhook" thoughts from actions and to create psychological distance between a person and their thoughts, beliefs, memories, and self-stories. A number of similar concepts have been described in the psychology literature (e.

Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Access to Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for depression is limited. One solution is CBT self-help books. Trial Objectives: To assess the impact of a guided self-help CBT book (GSH-CBT) on mood, compared to treatment as usual (TAU).

An optimized system for interventional magnetic resonance imaging-guided stereotactic surgery: preliminary evaluation of targeting accuracy.

Background: Deep brain stimulation electrode placement with interventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has previously been reported using a commercially available skull-mounted aiming device (Medtronic Nexframe MR) and native MRI scanner software. This first-generation method has technical limitations that are inherent to the hardware and software used. A novel system (SurgiVision ClearPoint) consisting of an aiming device (SMARTFrame) and software has been developed specifically for interventional MRI, including deep brain stimulation.

Novel platform for MRI-guided convection-enhanced delivery of therapeutics: preclinical validation in nonhuman primate brain.

Background/aims: A skull-mounted aiming device and integrated software platform has been developed for MRI-guided neurological interventions. In anticipation of upcoming gene therapy clinical trials, we adapted this device for real-time convection-enhanced delivery of therapeutics via a custom-designed infusion cannula. The targeting accuracy of this delivery system and the performance of the infusion cannula were validated in nonhuman primates.

Biodistribution and scintigraphy of [111In]DTPA-adriamycin in mammary tumor-bearing rats.

The aim of this study was to develop an 111In-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-adriamycin (DTPA-ADR) conjugate to image breast cancer. DTPA-ADR was synthesized by reacting adriamycin with DTPA anhydride in the presence of carbonyldiimidazole. After dialysis (MW cut off was 500), the product was freeze-dried (yield 40-50%).

A critical appraisal of the pain associated with iatrogenic adult spinal deformity, and treatment by spinal cord stimulation. A case report and review of the literature.

Objective. Over the past two decades, with the increasing use of spinal instrumentation to treat deformity, surgical restoration has become more frequent. A complication of surgical reconstruction for adult scoliosis, the iatrogenic flat back syndrome, has been described.

Depth of penetration of the neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser in the human prostate and clinical results of high-dose laser energy in 50 patients.

We evaluated the treatment of the human prostate with the Nd:YAG laser using a Cytocare Prolase II fiber. We utilized this first in 12 patients prior to radical prostatectomy and then appropriately serially sectioned the prostate to measure the depth of penetration. The studies clearly revealed that 60 W of power and 60 s of pulse duration gave the most consistent depth of penetration in the human prostate model.

Neurochemical basis of interleukin 2-modified discrimination behaviour.

We trained one group of rats to discriminate 0.8 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.

Depth of penetration of the neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser in the human prostate at various dosimetry.

Objective: To determine depth of thermal penetration by the neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser at various dosimetry in the human prostate and to compare results of two techniques of laser application, single spot versus whole tissue photoirradiation.

Methods: Twelve men with Stage T2 (B) cancer of the prostate consented to laser prostatectomy immediately prior to a planned radical prostatectomy. In the first 3 patients (group I) the prostate was treated with the Nd:YAG laser in one spot area of each lobe.

Extensive neodymium-YAG photoirradiation of the prostate in men with obstructive prostatism.

Objective: To determine if high-dosage, extensive photoirradiation of the prostate could be used safely in men with large prostate glands and obstruction, coupled with acceptable clinical results.

Methods: Treatment of 25 men consecutively with eight quadrant photoirradiation of the prostate. Treatment of the next 25 men with high-dosage energy up to 109,000 joules.

The opioid mechanism of interferon-alpha action.

Rats were trained to discriminate the opioid receptor agonist ethylketocyclazocine (EKC) (0.3 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) from saline. Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), when substituted for EKC, elicited a dose-related increase in EKC-like responses.

Cost analysis of neodymium-YAG laser versus transurethral resection treatment of superficial bladder carcinoma.

We have analyzed a group of patients treated by various urologists with both neodymium-YAG laser photoirradiation and transurethral resection in the treatment of superficial bladder carcinoma. The average hospitalization for the group of patients treated by the laser was significantly shorter than the group of patients treated by transurethral resection of the bladder tumor. The complications were similar.

Adenocarcinoma in a müllerian duct cyst.

A case of adenocarcinoma involving a müllerian duct cyst is presented. The presentation, treatment, and pathological and radiological appearance are discussed. The embryology and history of this entity are reviewed.

Modification of Le Bag ileocolonic pouch with improved results. Review of 17 cases.

The use of detubularized terminal ileum and cecum to construct a highly compliant, low-pressure, continent ileocolonic pouch was first described by Light and Engelman and was termed the "Le Bag." Results were excellent in terms of continence and preservation of renal function; however, nocturnal incontinence persisted in a substantial number of patients. We have modified the original procedure in 17 patients by performing a urethral-cecal anastomosis instead of using a tail of nondetubularized ileum.

The use of continent diversion in the management of rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate in childhood.

Three children with rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate treated with combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy underwent radical extirpation with continent diversion to the urethra. This urological procedure is technically feasible even in the small child (2 years old) and offers chance for cure. Radical cystectomy with continent diversion need not be considered as mutilating surgery.

Temporary iridium-192 implant in the management of carcinoma of the prostate.

The controversy about the treatment of carcinoma of the prostate has increased in the last decade, with most urologists favoring radical prostatectomy rather than primary irradiation. Several reports of persistent tumors in 50% to 90% of patients after external irradiation and permanent iodine-125 implantation of the prostate have been disturbing. From July 1977 to December 1985, 200 patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate were treated by combining bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and temporary interstitial iridium-192 implantation of the prostate, followed by external irradiation.

Opioid-dopaminergic mechanisms in the potentiation of d-amphetamine discrimination by interferon-alpha.

In rats trained to discriminate 0.8 mg/kg IP d-amphetamine from 1 ml/kg saline, 4 x 10(6) U/kg of recombinant human interferon-alpha (rIFN-alpha) given intramuscularly 1 h prior to tests potentiated responses elicited by 0.4 mg/kg d-amphetamine.

Followup prostate biopsy in patients with carcinoma of the prostate treated by 192iridium template irradiation plus supplemental external beam radiation.

We reviewed our experience with 81 patients who had undergone followup needle biopsies of the prostate between 12 and 27 months after 192iridium template radiotherapy combined with external beam radiation therapy. When broken down by stage 82% of the patients with stage A2, 92% with B1, 95% with B2 and 55% with C disease demonstrated a negative biopsy and adequate local control of the cancer. We believe that in elderly patients, poor risk patients with early stage disease and stage C lesions this low morbidity, low mortality therapy offers a viable option to other modalities of treatment.

The measurement of adolescent adaptive processes in the clinical interview.

A study is described measuring the clinical usefulness of Adolescent Adaptive Process Scales. These processes are measured in three groups of adolescents in which psychopathology is also measured using a standardized psychiatric interview. Inter-rater reliability is calculated between two raters and mean score comparisons are made between the groups using the t-test method.

Laser-assisted vasectomy reversal: experience in 32 patients.

A Food and Drug Administration approved protocol using a microsurgical carbon dioxide laser to assist in vasectomy reversal was instituted in January 1987. Between January 1987 and December 1988 the procedure was performed on 32 patients, 31 of whom submitted sperm and were available to evaluate. Success rates for sperm in the ejaculate in patients who underwent vasectomy less than 10 years previously were excellent, approaching 95%.

Beta-adrenoceptor binding studies with LY195448 and metabolites.

LY195448(R) (a phenethanolamine derivative that has demonstrated cytotoxic activity against cell cultures in vitro but that exhibited a hypotensive side effect during phase I trials), its p-hydroxy and acid metabolites, and a noncytotoxic S-stereoisomer were evaluated with respect to competitive binding against the beta-adrenergic antagonist [3H]dihydroalprenolol in rat brain cortex and human cardiac tissues. When IC50 and Ki values were compared, the R-isomer of LY195448 in general was more potent than the S-stereoisomer. While LY195448(R) was about 10-fold more active than the p-hydroxy metabolite in cardiac tissues, the two compounds were nearly equipotent both in blocking the binding of radioligand to the brain and in reducing blood pressure in rats.

K.T.P. 532 laser in treatment of urethral strictures.

We have had experience in the treatment of 20 patients with 22 strictures with this new laser that has a unique ability to cut and coagulate with minimal forward scatter to help prevent the formation of new scar tissue. All of the patients have had attempts of treatment of the strictures unsuccessfully in the past. The laser was effective in 68.

Plasmids in bacteria exposed to activated neutrophils mediate mutagenesis when transferred to new hosts.

The plasmid pUC18 contains a lacZ alpha-complementation gene that codes for a small peptide that can complement the delta M15 mutation of the Escherichia coli lacZ (beta-galactosidase) gene, converting bacteria carrying that mutated gene from the lacZ- to the lacZ+ phenotype. This plasmid was used in experiments designed to study mutagenesis by human neutrophils. E coli carrying pUC18 were incubated with neutrophils under conditions in which little ingestion of the bacteria took place; the plasmid was then isolated and transformed into an E coli strain (BOZO) that carries the lacZ delta M15 mutation.