The details of the facial nerve pattern were clearly explained in the parotid gland (PG), lateral area of the face, and periorbital areas to prevent the unexpected outcome of medical intervention. However, it remains unclear whether information about the zygomatico-buccal plexus (ZBP) in the masseteric and buccal regions. Therefore, this study aimed to help clinicians avoid this ZBP injury by predicting their common location.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlast Reconstr Surg
November 2022
Background: The lower nose has abundant blood supply; however, nasal tip necrosis still occurs following filler injections. This study revealed the complicated pattern of the arterial supply of the lower nose.
Methods: The arterial pattern of the lower nose was studied in 40 cadavers using conventional dissections and translucent modified Sihler staining.
Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open
December 2021
The glabella is a zone that carries a high risk of blindness after performing filler injections. The arteries beneath the glabellar lines were investigated by meticulous dissections in 30 geriatric embalmed cadavers with latex injections into the arterial system. The results showed that the supratrochlear artery, a direct branch of the ophthalmic artery, ascended from the muscular layer of the medial eyebrow along the medial canthal vertical line of the intercanthal vertical zone (53 in 60 hemifaces, or 88%).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlast Reconstr Surg Glob Open
November 2021
Dorsal nasal augmentation is a common injection associated with ocular complications. Digital compressions on both sides of the nose are recommended during injection. Considering the reported incidences of visual complications, this preventive technique may need an adjustment for more effectiveness to prevent blindness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Masseter hypertrophy is the main cause of an asymmetrical and squared lower facial contour in the Asian community. Botulinum toxin injection technique is crucial to treat this condition.
Objective: To improve injection techniques for masseter hypertrophy by elucidating the distribution of the injections within the masseter.
The thread lift procedure is a minimally invasive alternative to facelift surgery. The hanging point, which the terminal end of the thread is hooked into, is an important component. If it is loose and cannot stabilize the passage when the inserted thread is pulled, the lifting effect will fail.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Ultrasound-guided femoral triangle block (FTB) can provide motor-sparing anterior knee analgesia. However, it may not completely anesthetize the anterior femoral cutaneous nerve (AFCN). We hypothesized that an AFCN block (AFCNB) in combination with an FTB would decrease pain during movement in the immediate 12 h postoperative period compared with an FTB alone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The facial artery is a high-risk structure when performing filler injections at the nasolabial fold, buccal, and mandibular regions.
Objectives: This study aimed to establish reference landmarks locating the course of the facial artery and its essential branches.
Methods: Thirty-one embalmed cadavers were enrolled in this study.
J Craniofac Surg
October 2020
Forehead augmentation with filler injection is one of the most dangerous procedures associated with iatrogenic intravascular injection resulting in the severe complications. Nonetheless, few studies have determined the explicit arterial localization and topography related to the facial soft tissues and landmarks. Therefore, this study aimed to determine an arterial distribution and topography on the middle forehead region correlated with facial landmarks to grant an appropriate guideline for enhancing the safety of injection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The costotransverse foramen (CTF) is a space continuous with the paravertebral space. We hypothesized that injections passing through the CTF will result in a successful injectate spread to the paravertebral space.
Objectives: We investigated patterns of dye spread to assess characteristics of neural blockade following ultrasound-guided CTF and erector spinae plane (ESP) injection in an anatomic and clinical study.
Clin Anat
May 2021
Introduction: The nasolabial fold (NLF) causes particular concern during aging in the middle face region. However, arterial complications of filler injections at this site have been continually reported during recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the arterial locations and their anastomotic pathways related to filler injection sites in the NLF.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injection administered at an inappropriate site or depth can produce an unwanted change in facial animation because the depressor anguli oris (DAO) and depressor labii inferioris (DLI) muscles are partially overlapped. Therefore, simple BoNT-A injection guidelines, based on 3-dimensional (3D) facial anatomic references and landmarks, would be very useful.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish novel BoNT-A injection guidelines that include the soft tissue thickness at the lower perioral region.
Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open
September 2019
Unlabelled: Lower lip augmentation by filler injection is an aesthetic procedure essential for achieving a feminine look and to enhance attractiveness. Complications as a result of injury to the inferior labial artery can result in undesirable outcomes.
Methods: The translucent technique was used to study the origin of the inferior labial artery in 11 cadavers.
Background: Facial proportions can be improved by means of chin augmentation in patients with a receding chin. The ascending mental artery is the main arterial supply to the top of the chin, and arterial occlusion of this artery can result in soft-tissue infarction. This study aims to measure the topographic anatomy of the ascending mental artery at the chin injection area, using a three-dimensional camera.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlabellar augmentation is one of the most popular cosmetic procedures but can entail severe complications caused by inadvertent intravascular injection of filler. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the arteries on the glabellar and central forehead regions. The aim of this study was to correlate the topography and location of the arteries in this area with anatomical landmarks to propose a safety guideline.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study aimed to determine the three-dimensional (3D) territory and depth of the corrugator supercilii muscle (CSM) using a 3D structured-light scanner. Thirty-two hemifaces from Korean and Thai embalmed cadavers were used in this study, and 35 healthy young Korean subjects also participated. A 3D analysis of the CSM territory and depth was performed using a structured-light 3D scanner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn understanding of the location and depth of the facial artery (FA) is essential in aesthetic surgery and various cosmetic procedures. The purpose of this study was to clarify the three-dimensional (3D) topography of the exposed segment (ES) of the FA and to provide information to help minimize complications during clinical procedures. From 50 embalmed adult cadavers, the undissected and dissected hemifaces were scanned and reconstructed using the 3D scanner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: A needle or a cannula can be safely used during filler injection procedures to correct a sunken upper eyelid. To date, there are no precise injection points recommended that are based on an anatomical study.
Objective: This study systematically investigated the vascular pattern and depth of forehead arteries at the periorbital area of upper eyelid.
Background: Variable flap loss rates for the platysma myocutaneous flap have been reported for the Caucasian and the Asian population, which are 10.1% and 1.6%, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: This study aimed to determine the optimal location of local anesthetic injection in the interspace between the popliteal artery and posterior capsule of the knee (iPACK), using the anatomical pattern of the articular branch of tibial nerve (ABTN). We hypothesized that injection at the level of ABTN forming a popliteal plexus would mainly spread throughout the popliteal fossa without contacting the tibial or peroneal nerves.
Methods: The anatomical study included 30 soft cadavers.
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